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1、分类号：S664.1 密 级：UDC： 单位代码：10798早实核桃早实核桃品质品质与矿质营养元素与矿质营养元素的关系研究的关系研究Correlation between Quality and Mineral Elements of Precocious Walnut专 业：果树学研 究 方 向：果树资源遗传改良及利用研 究 生：辛洪河指 导 教 师：杨俊明 教 授毛向红 正高工所 在 院 所：园艺科技学院2011 年 6 月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，研究内容是河北省林科院承担的“北方核桃早丰品种选育、栽培技术研究”公益性专项（编号：
2、201004093）研究内容的一部分。除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 河北科技河北科技师师范学院范学院 或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名: 签字日期: 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解 河北科技河北科技师师范学院范学院 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权河北科技河北科技师师范学院范学院可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校
3、向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明)学位论文作者签名: 导师签名:签字日期: 年 月 日 签字日期: 年 月 日I中文摘要中文摘要为了完善早实核桃坚果品质评价体系，指导合理施肥，提高坚果品质，本研究对河北省 9 个核桃主栽区的早实核桃坚果品质进行了综合评价与分析，对土壤、坚果、叶片的矿质营养元素以及坚果品质指标进行了变异、相关、回归等分析，主要结论如下：1. 区域因素对早实核桃 14 个果实品质指标及叶片、土壤矿质元素含量均有显著影响，而立地因素对坚果饱满度、果形指数、出仁率和矿质元素P、Ca、Cu 含量无显著影响。2. 利用模糊数学隶属函数法，
4、分析 3 个早实核桃品种综合品质，辽 1 品质较好。对早实核桃的 14 个坚果品质指标进行主成分分析，得到了 5 个主成分包含相关性较好的 11 个指标，并选择能较好反映脂肪、蛋白质两个重要经济性状的主成分，作为以有机营养为主的早实核桃品质综合评价指数。3. 经简单相关分析表明：土壤与叶片间对应矿质元素 Ca、Mg 的含量紧密相关，其它对应矿质元素相关不紧密；土壤与核仁间对应元素相关不明显；叶片与核仁间对应元素 P、K、Ca、Zn、Mn 明显相关。典型相关分析表明：土壤与核仁、土壤与叶片以及叶片与核仁的矿质元素总体水平上都具有相关性，其中土壤与核仁间主要相关元素是土壤中的 Fe、K 与核仁中的
5、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn；土壤与叶片矿质营养中主要相关元素是土壤中的N、Cu、Zn、Fe 和叶片中的 P、Ca、Zn、Fe；叶片与核仁矿质营养中主要相关元素是叶片中的 K、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn 和核仁中的 K、Ca、Zn、Mn。4. 环境因素对坚果外观品质、核仁矿质元素、有机营养含量有显著影响。其中对矿质营养元素影响最大，尤以 K 元素为甚，Cu 元素次之，对N、P、Ca、Mg 元素影响相对较小；外观指标受环境影响居中等水平，核仁成色受环境的影响明显大于其他指标；有机营养指标受环境影响相对最小，其中粗蛋白质较粗脂肪受环境的影响更小些。5. 环境因素对土壤、叶片、核仁矿质元素含量影响显著。其
6、中土壤矿质元素受环境的影响最大，尤以 P 元素为甚；叶片、核仁矿质元素受环境影响相对II较小，但不同元素的变异系数有较大差异，不论叶片还是核仁中，K、Cu、Mn、Fe 元素的变异系数都明显大于其他元素，其中以 K 为甚。6. 将土壤、叶片矿质元素含量分别与坚果品质的 5 个主成分方程进行双重筛选逐步回归，得到了叶片矿质元素、土壤矿质元素与坚果综合品质的回归模型。7. 通过改善土壤矿质元素含量来提高坚果品质是可行的途径。土壤中的 K含量是影响早实核桃品质的重要因素，其次是 Mg 含量，二者存在拮抗作用，且二者对坚果不同指标的作用大小、作用方向有差异。8. 对 18 个园区的坚果品质综合评价指数进
7、行了聚类分析，分为五类。以最优类园区土壤各种矿质元素平均水平为参照，以参照园区土壤矿质元素 95%置信区间的下限为亏缺标准，分析其它园区土壤营养状况，并提出相应施肥建议。关键词关键词: 早实核桃；矿质营养；坚果品质；相关分析IIIABSTRACTIn order to improve the appraisal system of precious walnut quality and solve the problems caused by low management level, this study evaluated the quality of walnuts in 9 main
8、walnut cultivation areas of Hebei. The relations of the mineral elements accumulation between the nut and soil，nut and leaf were analyzed. The regression between nuts comprehensive quality and soil, leave mineral elements also were analyzed. Conclusions are as follows:1. Through fuzzy membership fun
9、ctions, three precious walnut varieties were analyzed, the comprehensive quality of Liao 1 is the highest. Through analysis the principal components about 14 important quality indexes of early-maturing walnuts, determine one principal component as walnut quality synthetic evaluation index that refle
10、cts the character of fat and protein in nuts.2. Through dual screening stepwise regression, 5 main components of nuts and mineral elements of soil, leaves were analyzed; we got the corresponding regression model.3. The simple related analysis showed that corresponding mineral elements of Ca, Mg in s
11、oil and leaves were closely related, others were not related; correlations of mineral elements between soil and nuts were not related; corresponding elements P, K, Zn, Mn, Ca in leaves and nuts were obviously related. Canonical correlation analysis showed that the main related elements in the soil a
12、nd nuts mineral nutrients were Fe and K in soil, and P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn in nuts; the main related elements in soil and leaf mineral nutrients were Zn, Cu, N, P, Fe in soil, and Zn, Fe, Ca in leaf; the main related elements in leaves and nuts mineral nutrition elements were K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn in leaves
13、, and K, Ca, Zn, Mn in nuts.4. The factors of environment had significant impacts on exterior quality of walnut minerals in nut and organic nutrition. The mineral was affected most by the environment, especially the K and Cu, but N,P,Ca and Mg were affected less relatively than K and Cu; the secondl
14、y was the impacts on exterior quality, the nut IVcolor was influence most; the index of organic nutrients was affected least, less influences on crude protein and crude fat was showed.5. The factors of environment had significant impacts on mineral contents in soil leaf and nut. The mineral content
15、of soil was affected most by the environment, especially the P content; the mineral contents in leaf and nut were affected relatively less than those in soil, but the coefficients of variation were different between different kinds of minerals, the coefficients of variation of K,Cu,Mn and Fe were hi
16、gher than others in both leaf and nut, furthermore the K in both leaf and nut has the highest coefficients of variation.6. Different areas and sites conditions had appreciable impacts on the leaf and soil nutrient content, nuts appearance quality, nuts mineral elements, crude protein and crude fat content. Regional factors had appreciable impacts on
