《机械导论大纲》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《机械导论大纲（26页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第 1 章：绪论Engineering is the practical endeavor in which the tools of mathematics and science are applied to develop working and cost-effective solutions to the technical problems facing our society.（工程是数学和自然科学的某种应用,通过 这一应用,使社会所面临的技术问题得以高效地解决。 ）Engineers design many of the consumer products that you u
2、se every day and a large number of other products that you do not necessarily see but which are used in business and industrial settings.（工程师既设计我们每天在使用的消费品, 也设计我们可能看不到但却应用于商业和工业场合的大量的其它产品。 ）Engineers also design the machinery that is needed to manufacture those products, the factories that produce t
3、hem, and the quality control systems that guarantee the products safety and performance.（工程师也设计生产这些产品所需的 机器、工厂以及保证产品安全和性能的质量控制系统。 ）Engineering is generally broken down into five traditional core disciplines.（ 工程通常分成五个传统核心学科。工程通常分成五个传统核心学科。）工程的分类：Electrical engineers work in such areas as power trans
4、mission and distribution, integrated circuit design and production, networks and wireless communications, aviation electronics, and robot control systems.（电气工程师主 要在电力传输和分布、集成电路设计和生产，网络和无线通讯、航空电子及机器人控制系 统等领域研究或工作。 ）Materials engineers develop new compositions of matter that are used in applications e
5、ncompassing semiconductors, lasers, steel and aluminum alloys, and magnetic media in computer hard drives.（材料工程师研发新材料的物质成分，这 些材料被应用于半导体、激光、钢、铝合金、和计算机硬盘磁性介质中。 ）Civil engineers design and construct roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply systems.（ 土木工程师设计并建造道路、建筑物、机场、隧道、水坝
6、、桥梁及供水系统。 ）1 Chemical engineers are responsible for the industrial-scale production of chemicals and for managing the by-products in such fields as petroleum, electronics, and biotechnology.（化学工程师负责工业化规模生产的化学品和石油、电 子、生物技术等领域的副产物的生产及管理。 ）The objective of an engineer is to have built a device that per
7、forms a task that couldnt previously have been completed, or that could not have been completed so accurately, quickly, or safely.（工程师的目标是建立一种设备，来完 成以前不能完成的任务，或以前不可能完成得这样准确、迅速、安全。 ）Scientist would normally emphasize the fundamental discovery of physical laws rather than their application to product
8、development.（科学家通常更着重物 理定律的基本发现而不是物理定律在产品开发中的应用。 ）“Scientists study the world as it is, engineers create the world that never has been.” （科学家研究世界，工程师创造从未有过的世界。 ）The field of mechanical engineering is concerned with machine components, the properties of forces, materials, energy, and motion, and with
9、 the application of those elements in order to devise new machines and products that improve society and peoples lives.（机械工程领域涉及机械零部件、力的属性、材料、 能源和运动，并应用这些元素设计新的机器和产品来提高社会和人类的生活。 ）Mechanical engineers research, develop, design, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devic
10、es.（ 机械工程师研究、开发、设计、 制造和测试机床、发动机、机器和其它机械设备。 ）They work on power-producing machines such as electricity-producing generators, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines, and jet and rocket engines.（他们制造产生能源的机械如发电机、内燃机、蒸汽和燃气涡轮机、喷气 机和火箭发动机。 ）They also develop power-using machines such as refrig
11、eration and air- conditioning equipment, robots used in manufacturing, machine tools, materials handling systems, and industrial production equipment.（他们也开发能源消耗机械 如制冷和空调设备、用于制造的机器人、机床、材料处理系统及工业生产设备。 ）机械工程六要素2The top 10 Great Achievements of 20th Century Mechanical Engineering（20 世 纪机械工程专业排在前 10 位的伟大
12、成就）十大成就：十大成就：1：The automobile 汽车 2：Apollo moon landing 阿波罗登月计划 3：Power generation 发电 4：Agricultural mechanization 农业机械化 5：he airplane 飞机 6：integrated circuit 集成电路 7：Air conditioning and refrigeration 空调和制冷 8：CAE technology 计算机辅助工程技术 9：Bioengineering 生物工程 10：Code and standards 代码和标准机械工程师知识构成机械工程师知识构成
13、 TypicalTypical programprogram ofof studystudyThe design and manufacturing branch encompasses the selection of machine components, conceptual design, computer-aided engineering, and the principles of manufacturing（设计和制造学科分支包括机械零部件的选择、概念设计、计算机辅助 工程及制造原理。 ） 3 “Mechanical systems”, is the set of subjec
14、ts encompassing forces, material properties, motion, mechanisms, and mechanical vibration.（机械系统是 包括力、材料的性能、运动、机构和机械振动等科目的集合。 ）In the branch called “thermal-fluid engineering” engineers evaluate efficient methods of energy conversion, power generation, propulsion, and combustion.（在称为“热-流体工程”的学科分支中，工程
15、师评估能量转换、发电、推进 力和燃烧的有效方法。 ）Machine and product design conceiving a new device and designing it in detail.（机器和产品设计构思一部新的设备并详细设计。 ）Computer-aided engineering experience with compute-aided design, analysis, and manufacturing tools.（计算机辅助工程用计算机辅助设计、分析、 制造的经验。 ）Manufacturing sciences machining processes,
16、quality control, and production techniques.（制造科学加工工艺、质量控制和生产技）Statics understanding the forces that act on machines and structures.（静力学 理解作用在机械和结构上的力。 ）Solid mechanics stresses and deflections of structural components and choosing the materials from which they are made.（固体力学 结构部件的应力和 变形及材料的选择。 ）Dynamics motion of machines and the forces that are needed to make t
