《英语词汇学复习要点》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语词汇学复习要点（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、填空、选择、判断等： Features of word: 1、a minimal free form of language2、a sound unity3、a unit of meaning4、a form that can function alone in a sentence Classification of English words: native words and borrowed words. Meaning and concept: meaning is closely to a concept. A concept is the base of the meaning
2、of a word. A word is used to label a concept. The Indo-European language family:1、Eastern sets: Balto-slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian, Albanian2、Western sets: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, Germanic, Hittite, Tocharian Affixes: the affix is a collective term for a type of formative that can be used only w
3、hen added to another morpheme. They may be divided into inflectional and derivational types. Roots: root is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. Stem: is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Base: is any form to whi
4、ch affixes of any kind can be added; it may also be defined as a form to which a rule of word-formation is applied. Backformation: is a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed affix. Reduplication: is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word
5、is created by the repetition of the same element with little or no change. Words make this way are known as reduplication. Abbreviation(shortening):Initialisms: are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters.Acronyms: are words formed from the initial letter of words an
6、d pronounced as words.Clipping: is a common way of making a word by shortening or clipping a longer word. Metaphor: is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. Metonymy: is the device in which we
7、name something by one of its attributes. Synecdoche: synecdoche means using a part for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing or the reverse of any of these. Analogy: is a process whereby words are created in imitation of other words. Morphological motivation: compounds and deriv
8、atives are multi-morphemic words and the meaning of many of them are the sum total of the morphemes combined. Often when one knows the meaning of the morphemes or bases, one can deduce the meaning of the words. Semantic features: The linguistic meaning of a word is the set of abstracted characterist
9、ic necessary to distinguish the category which the word names from all other categories. These abstracted characteristics are known as semantic features. Kind of synonyms:1、complete synonyms: are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i.e.both in grammatical meaning and lexical mea
10、ning.2、relative synonyms: are words similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embracedifferent shade of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.名词解释： Synonym: is a term used in semantics to refer to a major type of sense relation between lexical items. Lexical items which have the same m
11、eaning but different in morphemic structure phonological form and usage are synonyms, and the relationship between them is one of synonymy. Antonym: the term “antonymy“ is used for “ oppositeness of meaning“; words that are in opposition are antonyms. Homonymy: are generally defined as words differe
12、nt in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound and spelling. Conversion: is also called zero derivation, it is a word-formation process by which a word is changed from one part of speech into another without the addition of an affix. Composition(compounding)
13、: is a process of word-formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. Words formed by compounding are called compounds. Blending: is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its fu
14、ll form or both of which are not in their full forms. Euphemism: in English, there are thing which are considered as taboo and specific unpleasantness which related to such things as accidents, illness, death,excretion and sex. People tend to avoid mention them directly and talk about them in a euph
15、emism way. They try to employ pleasant terms to express the idea. There is a semantic change involved as the expressions used often have little to do with the referents. Vocabulary: refers to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular histori
16、cal period. Vocabulary also refers to all the words of a given dialect, given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. 简答： Affixation: Affixation is a kind of derivation. It is the morphological process whereby grammatical or lexical information is added to the base. A word thus made is called a “affixation“. English affixed are can be divided into prefix and suffix. Affixed that come before the root are called prefixes, those t
