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1、综合题综合题1.The major religions in China 中国的主要宗教中国的主要宗教 P37The major religions in china are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity. 佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、基督教2.What in guaranteed in chinas constitution about the freedom to practice religions activities? 宪法如何保护宗教自由宪法如何保护宗教自由 P37Citizens enjoy the freedom to belie
2、ve in religion and the freedom not to believe in religion and to propagate atheism.3. the main sects of Lamaist Buddhism 喇嘛教的主要派别喇嘛教的主要派别 P42The main ones are Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu, Bon and Gelug. 宁玛派、萨迦派、迦举派、本教、格鲁派4. the four sacred Buddhist mountains in China 中国佛教四大名山中国佛教四大名山 P41These are Wutai in
3、 Shanxi province, Putuo in Zhejiang province, 山西五台（文殊） ，浙江普陀（观音）Emei in Sichuan province, and Jiuhua in Anhui province. 四川峨眉（普贤） ，安徽九华山（地藏）5.the basic principle of Taoism 道教基本原理道教基本原理 P45First, be benevolent; Second, be pure; and third, do not act in advance of other people.一日慈，二日俭，三日不敢为天下先。6.What i
4、s “Dao” in Taoism 在道教中在道教中“道道”的意思的意思 P45The word “Dao” translates as “the way”. In its broadest sense, Dao is the way the universe functions, the path taken by all natural events. Dao is natures way, expressed in effortless action.7.take three examples at least to manifest Yin and Yang 举三个例子显示阴和阳举三个
5、例子显示阴和阳 P45dark and light, life and death, male and female, good and evil, strong and weak8.two sects of Taoism, and difference between them 道教的两个派别道教的两个派别 P46the True Unity Sect 正一教； the Complete Unity Sect 全真教The true Unity Sect believed in “driving out devils by calling in the gods” and “averting
6、 disasters through prayers.” Its priests could marry and have meat and wine except during the special fasting periods. 正一教信仰 “呼叫神灵赶走邪恶”和“通过祈祷避免灾害” 。教士可结婚并可酒肉除在特殊禁食期间。The Complete Unity Sect emphasized self-cultivation and immortality, and its priests had to renounce home life, practice vegetarianism
7、, and remain unmarried. 全真教强调修身和不朽，教士必须放弃家庭生活，实践素食主义，并保持未婚。9.the three Islamic festivals 伊斯兰教三大节日伊斯兰教三大节日 P47Lesser Bairam，Korban Bairam，and Mohammeds Birthday 开斋节、古尔邦节、圣纪（穆罕默德的诞辰）.10. the principles of Three-self “三自三自”原理原理 P50The principles of three-self refer to self-government, self-support and
8、self-propagation. 自治、自养、自传11. Confucian virtues 儒家美德儒家美德 P57The keynote of Confucian ethics is ren, translated as love. Other important Confucian virtues include righteousness, propriety, wisdom, trust worthiness or integrity and filial piety. 义、礼、智、信、孝12. Confucian theory about education 儒家教育理论儒家教育
9、理论 P58In education, there is no class distinction. 有教无类13. What does Taoism emphasize? 道教强调什么？道教强调什么？P58Taoism emphasizes strongly the union of man and nature, suggesting that man controls his environment not by fighting it but by cooperating with it. 道教重视人与自然的和谐，认为人类控制自然不是通过战争而是与他们合作。14. The Confuc
10、ian golden rule 儒家的黄金法则儒家的黄金法则 P57Not do to others what you do not want done to yourself. 己所不欲，勿施于人。15. the art of Chinese cooking in clued 烹调技艺烹调技艺 P62Selection of raw material; combination of ingredients; cutting; 原材料的选择；配料；切割； seasoning; temperature; cooking techniques. 调料；火候；烹饪技术。16. The two cat
11、egories of Chinese paintings 国画的两大派别国画的两大派别 P98the Xieyi School and the Gongbi School 写意派和工笔派The xieyi school is the fundamental approach to Chinese painting. It constitutes aesthetic theory which emphasizes the sentiment. 写意是中国画的基本方法。它是美学理论强调感情。The gongbi school is characterized by close attention
12、to detail and fine brush work.工笔的特点是密切注意细节和精细的笔触。17. The combination arts in the same picture 在同一画面组合的艺术在同一画面组合的艺术 P99Tradition Chinese painting is a combination in the same picture of the arts of poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal engraving. 诗词，书法，绘画和篆刻18. the scripts of Chinese calligraphy 中国书
13、法的字体中国书法的字体 P100The seal character, the official or clerical script, the regular script, the running hand and the cursive hand. 篆书、隶书、楷书、行书、草书19. Eight kinds of Chinese characters strokes 八种汉字笔画八种汉字笔画 P101The dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling, the right-falling and the ken ding strokes. 点、横、竖、勾、挑、撇、捺、折20. Two kinds of seal-cut l 两种雕刻两种雕刻 P103Cut in relief or in intaglio 浮雕或凹雕
