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1、阅读理解阅读理解- -领会作者的观点和态度领会作者的观点和态度考研英语每日一课（阅读理解-领会作者的观点和态度） 阅读理解-领会作者的观点和态度一篇文章不可避免地反映了作者的观点、态度和情绪。能否正确地把握作者的观点和态度是体现考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。这类题目主要是考查考生能否正确理解作者的写作意图、所持的观点及阐述文章主题时的语气或对他所论述的对象的态度。 第一节 命 题 方 式 在阅读理解测试中，要求确定作者观点、态度的问题，通常有以下几种方式： 1.According to the author, . 2.In the authors opinion, . 3.The autho
2、r thinks (believes, suggests, deems) that . 4.The author gives impression that . 5.How does the author feel about . 6.What is the authors opinion (idea) about ? 7.Which of the following will the author agree (disagree) with? 8.The authors attitude towards might be summarized an one of . 9.The tone o
3、f the passage can best be described as (is) . 10.What is the tone (mood) of the passage? 11.Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards ? 回答这类问题，考生务必细心地注意作者在描述事实和表达观点时所使用的词汇。作者往往要用一些带有个人感情色彩或褒贬之分的词汇来表明自己的态度。本章将具体从如何正确判断作者的观点及如何判断作者所持的态度两方面加以阐述。 第二节 正确理解作者真正的观点 在一篇文章里，
4、作者在陈述自己的观点时，有时直接了当，有时先介绍某一观点，而接着在后面却提出了相反的观点，表明自己的态度。因此，要正确判断作者的观点时，必须把上下文联系起来看，文章中所陈述的内容并非都代表了作者的观点。只有认真细心的阅读，才能从一句话、一个段落或一篇文章中找到已提到过的或暗示的各种观点。在论证作者的观点时要弄清作者说了些什么，写这篇文章有什么目的，文章中的事实是否支持作者的论点等。 常见的命题形式请见前文中所列举的 17。 例 1(1995 年考题第 1 篇 53、54 题) Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I
5、know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establish a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to incr
6、ease demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the cost of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would lost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bu
7、s or tube would cost 20 per cent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twentyseven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product t
8、hat fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertis
9、ed, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a wellknown tel
10、evision personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to ac
11、hieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the wellknown television personality wants. 53. The author deems that the wellknown TV personality is . A very precise
12、in passing his judgment on advertising B interested in nothing but the buyers advertising C correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information D obviously partial in his views on advertising 54.In the authors opinion, . A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by prov
13、iding information B advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over C there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer D the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement 这两题都是询问作者的观点和看法。53 题询问作者认为那位著名的电视工作者怎样?该题可以从第四、第五段中找到答案。那位著名的电视工作者反对广告，理
14、由是广告“persuades rather than informs” ，而作者则认为这位著名的电视工作者“was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade” ，由此来看，作者不同意那位电视工作者对广告的看法，在作者来看，广告这两方面很难严格地区别开来。仅从“excessively”一词中就能看出作者认为那位电视工作者对广告的看法具有片面性，故正确答案为 D。 54 题是询问作者对于广告的看法，解题思路基本同上。作者认为广告会劝诱消费者，这是毫无疑问的， “If its mess
15、age were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,” 。因此，选项C：“广告劝诱购买者无可厚非”就是作者的观点。而 A 项与“Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of”不符；B 项与作者的观点“Of course, advertising seeks to persuade”恰好
16、相反；D 项所述内容也与原文意思不符。 例 2(1992 年考题第 1 篇 35 题) It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd roadhog, the rule and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays t
