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1、Part Three Reading Comprehension一、题型分析一、题型分析阅读理解测试项目是目前国内外各种考试(如 TOEFL(托福)、GRE，EPT，CET 等)中一项重要项目。它不 仅检测考生的语言知识，而且还检测考生的阅读技能和阅读速度，以及通过阅读获取信息的能力。考生在阅读 过程中需要运用语言知识、语言阅读技能和各种背景知识及智力从而达到准确理解的程度。 通常，阅读理解测试题可分成六类题型。(一一)主题型试题主题型试题例例 1. Our life today depends very much on energy（能源）. In towns and villages, o
2、n farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell. Que
3、stion: What is the main idea of this paragraph? A.Factories and farms use a great deal of energy. B.Life is much easier than it used to be. C.Our life today depends greatly on energy. D.Energy is needed for everything. 例例 2 (主题句在段末主题句在段末)English is spoken by pilots and airport control operations on
4、all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world s mail is written in English. More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. Clearly, English is an international language.Question: Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A.English is used almost everywhere. B.Engli
5、sh is the only language spoken in the world. C.If you want to travel by air, you have to know English. D.Over 70 percent of mailmen can write in English.例例 3 (主题句在段落中间：反驳或批评型主题句在段落中间：反驳或批评型)A child who stays up（熬夜） too late is often too tired to be successful in school. A child who is allowed to eat
6、 anything he wishes may have bad teeth and even suffer from malnutrition. Children who are rude and disorderly often suffer pangs of guilt. Children who are disciplined are happy children. They blossom in an atmosphere where they know exactly what is expected of them. This provides them with a sense
7、 of order, a feeling of security. 例例 4(主题句在段落中间：主题句在段落中间：“提问回答提问回答解释型解释型”)Who was the first scientist? There is, of course, no answer to this question. It is probably more fruitful to ask. What type of man gave the first scientific explanation to natural phenomena? We can not completely answer this
8、question either, but there can be little doubt that he was a man who was curious about his environment, and who attempted to explain his observations without reference to a supernatural being. We say this because supernatural explanations of natural phenomena can never be scientific. 例例 5(主题句在段首和段末主
9、题句在段首和段末)Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks, Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi“ when they meet, Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women, Japanese men do
10、 not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But, in any country, the one manner that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately t
11、oward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. 例例 6 (无主题句段落，概括段落提要或标题无主题句段落，概括段落提要或标题) Great difference in the population density of the worldThe average population density of the word is 47 persons per square mile. Continental dens
12、ities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mil
13、e in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1300 persons inhabit each square in settled portions where the land is arable. 例例 7 ( 无主题句段落，概括段落提要或标题无主题句段落，概括段落提要或标题)The Einstein Observat
14、ory is an orbiting spacecraft that is mapping in detail extremely distant sources of X-rays. It has sent back information that has led to a new concept of how the universe was formed. Some leading scientists now conclude that the evolution of the universe depended heavily on sequences of explosions
15、and that the shock waves that followed them may have played an important part in galaxy formation. Question: What is the best title for this passage? A.New ideas about Einsteins theories. B.Mapping the galaxies by satellites. C.New ideas on the formation of the universe. D.The evolution of X-rays. 常
16、见的这类题型的题于有两种：疑问型的试题 1. What is the main idea of this passage (paragraph, part)? 2. What is the author s main point? 3. What is the main topic (subject) of the passage? 4. What topic is treated in this passage? 5. What does the passage mainly dead with? 6. What does the passage talk about? 7. What is the purpose of the writer? 8. What is the best title of the passage? 9. What is the most appropriate title of the passage?10. Which of the following is the be
