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1、本科生毕业设计（论文）I摘 要进入二十一世纪，人类面临着实现经济和社会可持续发展的重大挑战，而能源问题日益严重 。太阳能被看做是最具有代表性的新能源和可再生能源。因此，光伏发电系统对解决能源问题起到非常积极的作用，近年来发展迅速。本设计重点针对 光伏发电装置 中蓄电池充放电控制模块和逆变器模块进行了细致科学的 设计，此外，论文内容对 CPU最小系统设计、DCDC及DCAC转换电路设计、指示电路部分的设计也进行了详细说明。并针对目前市场上传统充电控制器对蓄电池的充放电控制不合理，同时保护也不够充分，使得蓄电池的寿命缩短这种情况，研究确定了一种基于单片机的太阳能充电控制器的方案。逆变环节采用 SP
2、WM调制方式，简化了驱动电路设计。软件设计中，采用瞬时电压反馈，增加了电路保护等功能，论文阐述了软件设计总体思想构架，给出了程序代码 和系统各部分控制流程图。最后,经过仿真软件进行整体系统仿真，基本达到性能要求，具有实际应用意义。本设计着重 在太阳能对蓄电池的充放电方式、控制器的功能要求和实际应用方面做了一定分析，完成了硬件电路设计和软件编制，实现了对蓄电池的高效率管理 ，具有创新意义。关关键键词词：太阳能；光伏发电 ；蓄电池；控制； 逆变器；本科生毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractEntering the 21st century, human beings are facing to r
3、ealize the sustainable development of economy and society, and energy problem becomes more and more serious. And solar power are considered the most representative of new and renewable energy，The power technology of solar energy and wind attack worlds attention. Therefore, the photovoltaic power gen
4、eration system plays a very positive role in solving the energy problem, and has developed rapidly in recent years.The paper of the key for photovoltaic power generation device battery charging and discharging control module and the inverter module of scientific and meticulous design, in addition, t
5、he content of minimum CPU system design, DCAC and DC-DC conversion circuit design, indicating the part of the circuit design were also described in detail. And in view of the present market conventional charge controller of battery charge and discharge control unreasonable, and protection is also in
6、adequate, making the life of the battery relationship that, the study identified a scheme based on MCU solar charge controller, inverter using SPWM modulation method, simplifying the drive circuit design. Software design Meter, the instantaneous voltage feedback circuit protection function has been
7、added, thesis describes the overall framework of software design, given the various parts of the program code and the system control flow chart. Finally, through the software simulation of the whole system simulation, can satisfy the basic performance requirements, has the practical application sign
8、ificance.This paper mainly in the solar battery charge and discharge mode, the functional requirements of the controller and the practical application aspects do analysis, completed the hardware circuit design and software development, realize the efficient management of the battery, having the mean
9、ing of innovation.Keyword: pv power; photovoltaic power generation; battery; control; inverter；本科生毕业设计（论文）III目 录第 1 章 绪 论.11.1 太阳能的应用及特点.11.2 研究背景及意义.21.3 光伏发电系统概述.41.3.1 离网型光伏发电系统.6第 2 章 光伏发电系统整体结构.82.1 光伏发电系统整体结构.82.2 太阳能电池板.92.3 功率变换器.102.3.1 变换器的种类.102.3.2 光伏发电系统中变换器及其作用.102.4 储能元件单元.112.4.1 储能元件的分类.112.4.2 储能元件的作用.12第 3 章 电池板及蓄电池的参数计算与选择.143.1 太阳能电池板参数计算及选择.143.2 蓄电池参数计算及选择.163.2.1 铅酸蓄电池的充电特性.163.2.2 铅酸蓄电池的放电特性.183.2.3 铅酸蓄电池充电方式.19第 4 章 蓄电池充电控制器的设计.234.1 系统层次原理图.234.2 单片机最小系统.244.2.1 数据存储器扩展.264.2.2 复位电路设计.274.2.3 时钟电路设计.274.2.4 CPU 最小系统图 .284.3 充放电电路.
