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1、Lesson 3 Production Technology 单词表：单词表：take shapeanticipating performanceset packer座封封隔器single completion单层完井flowing well自喷井landing nipple定位接头no-go nipple止过接头blast joint耐磨接头side pocket mandrel偏心工作筒selective completion选择性完井“but not fluid movement”wireline setting电缆下入balancing againstflowing well自喷井in
2、ventory库存量casing packoff套管封隔casing spool套管防喷法兰短节bushing套筒free gas游离气dry gas干气diversitydifferenceallow for考虑到baffle缓冲板coalescing pack-type聚结填料性Pneumatic /nju:mtic/气动的knockout油水分离器flume槽electrostatic treater静电脱水气loose emulsion游离乳状液tight emulsion稳定乳状液effluent流出basic sediment碱性沉积物daily basiscrude stabil
3、izer原油稳定剂volatile挥发性stripping汽提(脱硫)sweetening脱硫hydrogen sulfide-laden gas汲取硫化氢的气体oil handling油的加工、运输dump tank计量罐weir tank溢流罐tank battery油罐组sump tank沉积罐discrete不连续的custody transfer 输油监测capacitance probe电容探针stock tank油库油罐hydrate水合物Btu =British thermal unit热量单位by no means并没有fractional distillation精馏(作用
4、)amine胺类organic base有机碱therm千卡inferetal flow meter间接式流量计Venture-tube文丘里管prover标准仪pipe tap螺纹连接flange tap法兰连接bundle of tube束管vane叶片manometer压力计bellows meter波纹管流量计coagulant凝结剂skin tank撇油罐tender vessel供应船compartment舱butane丁烷propane丙烷complex联合站system performence系统性能inflow performence井底流动动态well performanc
5、e井动态Inflow Performance Rela井底流压与流量关系bubble point 泡点Vogel technique沃格尔法Vogel curve沃格尔产能曲线vertical lift performence直升流动动态flowing bottomhole pressure井底流压flowing tubing pressure自喷油压THP=tubing head pressure油压bottomhole flowing pressure井底流压backpressure curve回压曲线four-point backpressure test四点发挥压试井MMSCF=mil
6、lion standard cubic feetAOF=absolute open flow绝对无阻流量beam pump梁式泵piston-like displacement活塞式驱替stripper well低产井tubing pump管式泵pump-seating泵阀座traveling barrel游动泵筒Standing valve定阀重点句式讲解：重点句式讲解：1. But once production begins, the reservoir is only a part of a larger system that includes the reservoir, well
7、bore, tubing string, artificial lift equipment, surface control devices, gathering lines, separators, treaters, tanks, and metering devices.但是一旦开始生产，油藏就紧紧是一个较大系统的一部分，该 系统包括油藏，井筒，油管，人工举升设备，地面控制装置，集气 管网，分离器，节流器，油罐以及测量装置。2. All of these elements behave according to their own specific performance relati
8、onships, but each, in turn, also depends upon and influences the other elements.所有的这些因素根据它们自身特有的性能联系运转，但是依次 地，每个因素也依靠并影响其他因素。3. In offshore situations, the drive pipe is hammered into the mud to provide a conduit from below the seafloor to the production deck, and the conductor casing is set inside
9、the drive pipe.在近海处，向泥土中钉入冲入式管子来提供一个从海底到钻井 平台的管道，并且将主套管安置在冲入式管子中。4. Surface casing provides protection for shallow freshwater formations, and the producing string of casing is set to or through the productive zones, to isolate them and allow for selective completions.表层套管为浅薄的淡水层提供保护，安置生产套管到或贯穿产 油区，以
10、便于使之隔离并允许进行选择性完井。5. Mechanically set packers rely on tubing or drillpipe movement to force grooved “slips” to grip the casing and to expand the sealing element during the setting procedure.机械坐封封隔器在坐封过程中依靠油管或者钻杆运动使得带槽 卡瓦紧扣套管并膨胀密封元件。6. A flow coupling is a short, heavy-duty tubing joint run above and
11、below tubing restrictions (safety valves, chokes, etc.) that minimize abrasive effects of turbulent flow caused by the restrictions.流程连接器是一个下到油管节流器上的，短的，耐损耗的油管 接头，并使由节流器引起的紊流磨蚀效应最小化。7. A good completion design anticipates future performance problems and provides the flexibility to handle them, while
12、 balancing completion costs against the risk of future remedial work.一个好的完井设计能预测到未来的性能问题并且提供弹性来处 理，而平衡完井费用取决于未来修复工作的风险。8. Other functions are sealing the annular openings between concentric casing and tubing strings, and providing a base for blowout control equipment during drilling operations.其他的功能
13、是密封在同心套管和油管之间的环形空间，并在钻 进操作期间提供井喷控制的基础设备。9. During the drilling operation, the inside of the casinghead or spool, is protected with a temporary bushing to prevent damage from drillpipe rotation. 在钻进操作期间，套管顶部或防喷法兰短节的内部由一个临时 性的补心保护以防止来自于钻杆旋转的损害。10. Normally, the casinghead and casing spools have at lea
14、st one additional connection designed to allow fluid access and pressure monitoring of the concentric annular spaces during production.一般地，套管顶部和套管防喷法兰短节至少有一个附加的连接 设计以允许流体进入和在生产期间对环形空间进行压力监测。11. The oil alone is a complex mixture of many hydrocarbon compounds, and oils from different reservoirs have
15、different physical and chemical characteristics. 原油是一种复杂的碳氢混合物，来自于不同油藏的原油具有不 同的物理化学性质。12. A gas phase may exist in the production stream, having come out of solution with the drop in pressure up the tubing, or it may exist in and be produced from the reservoir as free gas.油流中可能存有气相，源于油流并在压力的作用下以液滴状态
16、 沿油管向上，抑或液可能以自由气状态存于油藏中或产于油藏中。13. Of course, the diversity of well fluid mixtures has led to the development of an assortment of vessels to clean and separate these mixtures at various pressures and temperatures. 当然，井中流体混合物的多样性引导了管路分类的发展，这些 管路用来在不同的压力和温度下清洁并分离混合物。14. For example, during a production test on an individual well, the manifold valves will be adjusted to allow that wells production be diverted to the test facilities, while all other wells production st
