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1、初三专题复习初三专题复习 名词考点直击：1可数名词和不可数名词的用法 2名词所有格的构成及用法 3 近义名词的辨析。 一、名词的数 ：1可数名词单数变复数的基本方法？1. heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,negronegroe 2.以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 为 v 再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。3.少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与 man
2、和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所 修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers， women teachers。 4.有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish 等。但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时， 可以加复数词尾。 5.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等。 6.数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留
3、单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。 7.还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods 2不可数名词“量”的表示方法 （1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money不可数名词也可用这类词修饰。 （2）用 a piece of ，a bottle of, a cup of 这类定语, 如果要表示“两杯
4、茶” 、 “四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如:two cups of tea,four pieces of paper,three glasses of water二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。 1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。 2. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。 3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minute
5、s walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。 4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。 【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有” ，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有 一间，共两间
6、） ；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车） 。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有” ，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间） ；Tom and Marys mother（即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹）项填空 1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys 2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the ev
7、ening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner 3- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 4Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C.
8、 hand D. ear 5There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 6In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name 7The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 9The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths
9、 C. teeth D. teeths 10.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Jane C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 11.-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 12.These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B
10、. women docto C. women doctors D. woman doctor 二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library. 2. Autumn is my favourite (季节) 3. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three. 4. _ are widely used in the modern world. 5. June 1st is _(儿童) Day. 6. -Does this piece of _(音乐) soun
11、d nice? -Yes. Its wonderful! 三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。 1. “Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.” 3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside. 4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world. 6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with
12、his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living. 8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air. 9. Health is more important to me than m_. 10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now. 部分常用副词的用法 1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很” ，但
13、用法不同。Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 much 用来修饰形容词和副 词的比较级。Much 可以修饰动词，而 very 则不能。例如： She is a very nice girl. Im feeling much better now. They did not talk much. 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也” ，但 too 用于肯定句，either 用于否定句。例如：。She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3) a
14、lready, yet already 一般用于肯定句，yet 一般用于否定句。例如： He has already left. Have you heard from him yet? He hasnt answered yet. 4) so, neither so 和 neither 都可用于倒装句， 但 so 表示肯定，neither 表示否定。例如： My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I. 3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (1) 两个人或事物的比较
15、时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物） ，用比较级：The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 “极,很,非常, 十分“。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) “The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.“表示 “ 越. 就越.“。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 “, 表示 “ 越来越. “ Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。否定用“not as/so.as”表不如 This box is as big as mine. This box is not as
