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1、动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用 it 作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, i
2、mportant, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例 1：Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)A. now
3、B. man C. that D. it用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners 等。例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： k
4、ind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever 等。例如：How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！3.Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the
5、old. 4.Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 5.It seems(appears)形容词to do6. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。
6、例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office.The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange 等。 例如：They decided to build a highway bet
7、ween these two cities.She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make 等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补可后接动词不定式
8、作宾补的动词有：allowask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫） ，encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,would like (love,hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等等。例如：The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar.I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, f
9、ind, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think 等动词后可接 to be 型不定式作宾补。例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。hope, demand, suggest 等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：【误】I hope my son to be back soon.【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【
10、误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略 to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：Who made him work
11、 all night long?但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的 to。例如：He was seen to break the window.五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat 修饰 anything，位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish 等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go ab
12、road.由 only, first, last, next 以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果）To look at the picture, y
13、ou would like it.（条件）作目的状语，还可以使用 in order to 或 so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用 enough to, tooto, soas to, such as to 等结构。例如：He got up too late to miss the early bus.She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。作目的状语 (1) I stayed there
14、 to see what would happen. Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examinedby the doctor. (2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加 in order 或 so as。如： Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not toforget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把 in order to 或不定式置于句首，但 so as to 不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为 so that,in order that,成为目的状语从句，如：
15、I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen. (3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised 等。 We are glad to hear the news. I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well. 在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的
16、主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer. The room is really comfortable to live in. 常这样用的形容词有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible 等。 I.选择填空。选择填空。( )1. It is not easy _ maths. A. learns B. learn C. to learn D. learned( )2. It is very nice _ you to _ me about it. A. for , tell B. of , say C. to , speak D. of , tell( )3. Its too late. Its impossible _ there by
