《成功秘诀：做正确的事》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《成功秘诀：做正确的事（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Doing the Right Thing Can Help You SucceedDoing the Right Thing Can Help You Succeed 成功秘诀：做正确的事成功秘诀：做正确的事 亚里士多德揭示了实践智慧最为重要的内涵： 实践智慧是关于实践或行为明智考 虑的理性能力。 但是，我们是在马克思主义哲学是实践哲学这一意义上来探讨实 践智慧的。实践智慧是服务于实践的，理论智慧是服务于理论的。与理论智慧相 比，实践智慧具有三个特征：一、以改造世界为目的；二、更加关注特殊性和具 体性；三、协调和处理相互矛盾的因素。 Doing the right thing can hel
2、p individuals and institutions succeed. But knowing what that right thing is, is not easy. In “Practical Wisdom: The Right Way to Do the Right Thing,“ authors Barry Schwartz and Kenneth Sharp explain that its possible to develop the good judgment that helps people make the right decisions. They say
3、it takes experience, failure and determination. Practical wisdomPractical wisdom The concept of practical wisdom comes from Aristotle. Schwartz explains that the ancient Greek philosopher made two arguments about behavior. “One is that there is no set of ethical rules or principles that tells us the
4、 right thing to do in every situation,“ he says. “The world is too complicated, too varied, and you need to use your judgment, which is what Aristotle meant by wisdom. And the practical part is that its the sort of judgment that we need every day, in interacting with our friends, with our children,
5、with our patients or our students. So it is not some high, abstract ideal. Its very concrete and very much about how you treat other people on a day-to-day basis.“ Societies and institutions have created rules and regulations, procedures and performance incentives to guide and encourage people to do
6、 the right thing, but Schwartz says blindly following those standards does not cultivate wisdom. “There is no set of rules that will tell teachers how to teach, or doctors how to doctor,“ he says. “There is no set of incentives that bankers wont find a way to subvert, as we have witnessed in the las
7、t couple of years in the world economic meltdown. So you need people who want to do the right thing because its the right thing.“ Schwartz says rules, regulations and incentives are necessary, but learning how to become wise - how to recognize the right thing and do it - requires experience, trying
8、and failing, learning from mistakes and trying again. He compares practical wisdom to jazz. “There are notes on the page and those are like rules, but what makes the heart of jazz is not playing the notes on the page, he says. “Its improvising around the notes on the page. And a wise practitioner kn
9、ows the notes, can read the notes, but also knows how to improvise.“ The wise practitioner is also empathic. “If a doctor is dealing with a patient, the doctor needs to ask What does this patient need? How does this patient feel? How should I couch the bad news that Im about to give this particular
10、patient so that it wont be completely devastating and demoralizing, while still being true?“ he says. “So unless you can sort of get into the head and heart of other people, you will get it wrong.“ Len RubensteinLen Rubenstein Dr. David Hirsh, co-founder of Harvard Medical School-Cambridge Integrate
11、d Clerkship says the program allows third-year medical students to follow their patients for a whole year under the watchful eye of an experienced physician. Putting wisdom into actionPutting wisdom into action Putting wisdom into action is not always easy, but in “Practical Wisdom,“ authors Schwart
12、z and Sharp believe it is possible. “One kind of person we describe as a canny outlaw,“ Schwartiz explains. “This is a person who is operating in a system that discourages wisdom, like a teacher who has to follow a script, but finds ways around the rules. There are plenty of such people around, but
13、theyre swimming against the current. They dont get support. In fact they may even lose their jobs if they are caught. More hopeful are whole institutions that appreciate the need to cultivate wisdom in practitioners. We describe in detail an example of a medical training program, a relatively new on
14、e at Harvard University.“ Dr. David Hirsh is the programs co-founder and director. “The entire reason to take on this rather large innovation was to do something meaningful to change the way that medical doctors were trained, and part of that deeply involves the idea of humanism or their personal de
15、velopment or moral development.“ The clerkship allows third-year medical students - who have learned the rules and regulations of their profession - to spend one day a week working with patients in a clinic. Unlike other programs, these young doctors then follow their patients for a whole year under
16、 the watchful eye of an experienced physician. “Patients who come to the hospital, who are seen only in the hospital are really being understood at a particular moment of their life,“ Hirsh says. “I think one could not imagine that a few days of a hospital experience could in any way define the totality of someones life. In contrast, our students meet patients who are well or who are sick. If all of them not only throug
