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1、 国际企业管理 期末考试试卷答案 对外经济贸易大学 20052006学年第一学期 国际企业管理期末考试试卷（A卷） 课程代码及课序号：MGT3010 A 卷答案 A 卷答案 一、一、True / False Questions (10) 1F 2 F 3F 4T 5F 6F 7T 8T 9T 10F 二、二、Multiple Choice (only one correct answer) （2 10=20） 1C 2B 3B 4C 5D 6D 7B 8A 9C 10B 三、三、Essay Questions (84=32) 1. Discuss the benefits of FDI to
2、the home (source) country. The benefits of FDI to the home (source) country include improvement in the balance of payments as a result of the inward flow of foreign earnings, positive employment effects when the foreign subsidiary creates demand for home-country exports, and benefits from a reverse
3、resource-transfer effect. A reverse resource-transfer effect arises when the foreign subsidiary learns valuable skills abroad that can be transferred back to the home country. 2. Explain the advantages of strategic alliances The advantage of alliances are that they facilitate entry into foreign mark
4、ets, enable partners to share the fixed costs and risks associated with new products and processes, facilitate the transfer of complementary skills between companies, and help firms establish technical standards. 3. Explain the employment effects of FDI on both the host and the home country. From a
5、host countrys perspective, there are positive employment effects from both the direct hiring of people by the foreign firm and the indirect job creation in firms that supply and service the new employer. More important than the number of jobs created by direct and indirect effects of the new employe
6、r, however, is the net effect of the new employer on overall employment. If some domestic firms go out of business because of the more efficient MNE, then some or all of the job gains may be offset by the loss of other jobs. From a home countrys perspective, there can be negative effects on employme
7、nt if jobs are essentially exported overseas. But there can also be positive effects on the domestic suppliers of the overseas operation. A company might also expand the number of people that it employs in its headquarters facility at home to provide administrative oversight to an overseas location.
8、 4. List and discuss the four basic strategy that MNCs can develop. International strategy, multidomestic strategy, global strategy, transnational strategy. 1国际企业管理 期末考试试卷答案 Firms pursuing an international strategy transfer the skills and products derived from distinctive competencies to foreign mar
9、kets, while undertaking some limited local customization. Firms pursuing a multidomestic strategy customize their product offering, marketing strategy, and business strategy to national conditions. Firms pursuing a global strategy focus on reaping the cost reductions that come from experience curve
10、effects and location economies. Many industries are now so competitive that firms must adopt a transnational strategy. This involves a simultaneous focus on reducing costs, transferring skills and products, and boosting local responsiveness. Implementing such a strategy may not be easy. 5. What are
11、the four main advantages of manipulating transfer prices? The four main gains that can be derived by manipulating transfer prices are as follows: The firm can reduce its tax liabilities by using transfer prices to shift earnings from a high-tax country to a low-tax one. The firm can use transfer pri
12、ces to move funds out of a country where a significant currency devaluation is expected, thereby reducing its exposure to foreign exchange risk. The firm can use transfer prices to move funds from a subsidiary to the parent company (or a tax haven) when financial transfers in the form of dividends a
13、re restricted or blocked by host-country governmental policies. The firm can use transfer prices to reduce the import duties it must pay when an ad valorem tariff is in force. 四、四、Discussion Questions (102=20) 1. What is the main content of Porters theory of national competitive advantage? Porters t
14、heory of national competitive advantage suggests that the pattern of trade is influenced by four attributes of a nation: (a) factor endowments (b) domestic demand conditions (c) relating and supporting industries, (d) firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. 2. What are Make-or-Buy Decisions? What are
15、 the advantages of make versus buy and visa-versa? Are these decisions harder for international opposed to strictly domestic firms? Explain your answer. A make-or-buy decision pertains to whether a business should make or buy the component parts that go into its final product. In other words, should
16、 a firm vertically integrate to manufacture its own component parts or should it purchase the parts from outside suppliers? For many firms, the make-or-buy decision is a difficult one, because there are good arguments to support either position. The Advantages of Make: The arguments that support making component parts in-hou
