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1、牛津英语牛津英语 8A8A 的语法的语法Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom 等。特殊疑问句的构成及用法：结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句， 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）疑问代词：1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?3) Whose 谁的
2、，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys?5)What 什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?疑问副词：When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?Where 何地，询问地点， Where do you come f
3、rom?Why 为什么，询问原因， Why are you late for school?How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?How old 多大，询问年龄，How old is Jims little brother?How many/much 多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?How far 多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school?How long 多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long wi
4、ll you stay in Beijing?How often 多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon 多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 Whats the matter with you?Grammar:1. 用 have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了病2.情态动词 should,情态动词 shoul
5、d,can, may, must 没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中 be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing 是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move 等。一肯定句中
6、，结构为“be+doing.”I am going shopping this afternoon.二否定句是在 be 之后加 not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon.三一般疑问句是将 be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent.四特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。 ”What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping? Who are you goi
7、ng there with? Where is she going?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How 引导的特殊疑问句：是指以 How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much 等词开头的疑问句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to walk. How far is it from
8、your home to school? Its four miles from my home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about?+ 名词或动词-ing 形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis? Unit 5 C
9、an you come to my party?Grammar:情态动词 can 及邀请句式及其问答情态动词 can 的用法：Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can 的否定形式为cannot，cant.can 表“能力” ，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I cant swim.can 表示能力时可和 be able to 互换，be able to 有更多的时态，常被用来表示 can 所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three
10、months.表示“可能性” ，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中” 。意思是“会、可能。 ”This cant be true. Can it be true?如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请表达邀请的常用句型：Can you come to? Could you come to?Would you like to come to?Do you want to com
11、e to?接受邀请的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. Id love to.谢绝邀请的常用句型：Im sorry, I cant. I have toIm afraid I cant. I have toI dont think I can. I have toUnit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容词的比较级规则变化、不规则变化（课本 P93）than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比” 。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am. Y
12、ou are older than me.形容词比较级前，有时可以用 much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times 等词来修饰。Much 和 far 表示“得多”,much better 好得多，a little, a bit 表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even 表示“甚至，更加，还要”even bigger 还要大些，three times 表示 “三倍” ，如 three times bigger than 比大三倍Very 绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级Unit 7
13、 How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词一可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加 a 或 an,表示一个，如 a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外） ，如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags二不可数名词1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词 a 或 an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名
14、词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如 a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：Lots of= a lot of 许多，大量 some 一些（用于肯定句）any 一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如
15、：yesterday, last year(week,month),two years ago, in2006 等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语 be 动词was/were 否定：wasnt /werent Be 动词句型 一般疑问句：was/were +主语特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语陈述句：主语+was/were+(肯定句) 否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词 did 构成一般疑问句和否定句）肯定式：主语+动词过去式否
16、定式：主语+didnt+动词原形一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将 be 动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were 或was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词 did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。 ”以 when 引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：When was/wereborn? was/were born in +时间When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以 how long 引
