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1、模块模块 8 第第 1-2 单元语法突破单元语法突破 用新的角度透视名词性从句用新的角度透视名词性从句山东山东 刘永科刘永科名词性从句听起来似乎很难，因为好多语法书都把它们讲得复杂而又繁琐。其实，只要我们把它们进行归类、对比、找出引导词，就发现有规律可循。下面我们用 3 组例句进行讲解，每组例句都分别包含一个主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，看起来是很有意思的。特殊疑问词引导的各种名词性从句特殊疑问词引导的各种名词性从句1. Who will take part in the match has not been decided.2. No one knows who will tak
2、e part in the match.3. My question is who will take part in the match.4. The question who will take part in the match remains to be discussed.【句子特点和注意事项句子特点和注意事项】在本组句子中，每句都含有 who will take part in the match.它在句 1 中作了句子的主语，是主语从句。在句 2 中作了 knows 的宾语，是宾语从句。在句 3 中作了 is 的表语，是表语从句。在句 4 中作了 question 的同位语，是同
3、位语从句。1. 英语中的特殊疑问词，如 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, when, where, how, why 等都可引导这四种名词性从句，而且这些引导词仍具有疑问的含义。2. 主语从句可以用形式主语 it 替代，而把主语从句置于句子的最后。如：It has not been decided who will take part in the match.3. 上述例句中都含有特殊疑问词，所以，无论是主语从句还是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其主句都带有“悬而未决”的意思，例如：“没有决定” ， “问题是”等等。因此主句
4、中经常含有这一类词语：wonder, dont know, no idea, not decided, doubt, question, problem 等。that 引导的各种名词性从句引导的各种名词性从句1. That our class had won the competition made us excited.2. The headmaster said that our class had won the competition.3. The fact was that our class had won the competition.4. The headmaster ann
5、ounced the news that our class had won the competition.【句子特点和注意事项句子特点和注意事项】在本组句子中，每句都含有 that our class had won the competition. 它在句 1 中作了句子的主语，是主语从句。在句 2 中作了 announced 的宾语，是宾语从句。在句 3 中作了was 的表语，是表语从句。在句 4 中作了 truth 的同位语，是同位语从句。1. that 引导的各种名词从句，都是陈述一个事实，没有疑问的含义。而且，that 只起引导作用，本身没有实际意义。2. that 引导的主语从
6、句，由于句子较长放在句首显得头重脚轻。为了使句子更加匀称，往往用 it 形式主语引导。例如：It made his mother upset that Bob had cheated in the exam.一般说来，像 It is obvious that It is well known that It is a fact that等，that 从句都是主语从句。3. that 引导的名词从句，有时在宾语从句中可以省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不可省略。偶尔引导表语从句时，口语中可以省略。例如：The truth is (that) I never been there.4.
7、 由于 that 引导的各种名词从句，都是陈述一个事实。所以，无论是主语从句还是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其主句中并没有“悬而未决”的意思。同位语从句经常和 fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, promise, order, story, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, answer, proposal, advice, condition 等名词连用。whether 引导的各种名词性从句引导的各种名词性从
8、句1. Whether she will agree with me doesnt matter too much.2. I wonder whether she will agree with me.3. What I want to know is whether she will agree with me.4. I have no idea whether she will agree with me.【句子特点和注意事项句子特点和注意事项】在本组句子中，每句都含有 whether she will agree with me. 它在句 1 中作了句子的主语，是主语从句。在句 2 中作
9、了 wonder 的宾语，是宾语从句。在句 3 中作了 is 的表语，是表语从句。在句 4 中作了 information 的同位语，是同位语从句。1. whether 表示“是否”的含义，它引导的名词从句具有“一般疑问句”的特点。作主语时，我们也可用 it 作形式主语，代替 whether 从句。例如：It doesnt matter too much whether shes coming tomorrow.2. if 也有“是否”的含义，它可以引导宾语从句。例如：I went in and asked if they had a cheap suit. 但一般不能引导主语从句。例如，我们
10、不说：If it is true remains a question.但若用 it 作形式主语，则后面可以接 if 引导的主语从句，例如：It remains a question if (whether) it true. if 一般不能引导表语从句和同位语从句。此外，有时连词 because 也可以引导表语从句。例如：It is because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter. 模块模块 8 第第 1-2 单元语法专练单元语法专练 名词性从句专项训练名词性从句专项训练刘永科刘永科1. _ we cant g
11、et seems better than _ we now have.A. What; what B. What; thatC. That; that D. That; what2. Though most of them dont doubt _he will pass the test, I have some doubt _he has really got everything ready.A. whether; that B. that; whetherC. that; that D. whether; whether3. The rich man made a promise_ a
12、nyone broke the record he would give him one million dollars.A. that B. if C. whether D. that if4. He often writes to us expressing his hope _ hell come to see us some day.A. which B. that C. what D. whether5. Henry is pleased with _ you told him and _ you gave him.A. that; that B. which; whichC. wh
13、at; all what D. what; all that6. _I want to know is _ Jack likes the gift we bought for him.A. What; that B. That; if C. What; whether D. That; that7. The reason why the traffic was stopped was _ the bridge was damaged by the flood.A. because B. why C. how D. that8. _ the young student will go to wo
14、rk in a mountain village has surprised all of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If9. There is something wrong with his watch and that is _ he is sometimes late for class.A. how B. which C. what D. why10.In my opinion, _ seems easy at first often turns out to be difficult in the end.A. it B. that C. w
15、hat D. which11. We are fans of their team. _ they won the game was _ we had expected.A. That, which B. That, whatC. What, which D. What, that12. He was so angry at _ they were doing _ he walked out without a word.A. what ; what B. that ; thatC. that ; what D. what ; that13. Ill take back _ I said because I didnt know _ she was.A. that; who B. that; thatC. what; who D. what; whom14. Everyone agrees _
