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1、1名词性从句与定语从句的区别名词性从句与定语从句的区别名词性从句名词性从句 语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语, 宾语,表 语, 同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位. 这类词只有一个,that二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位, 如 :whether , if 和 as if 三. 词本身有词义且在句中有地位. 如:who , whom , whose , what , which , when , where , why , how 例句如下:1). That he suddenly f
2、ell ill last week made us surprised .上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊. ( that 引导主语从句)2). It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not . 你是否来关系不太大. ( whether 引导主语从句 , it 作形式主语 )3). Who will go is not important . 谁要来不重要. (who 引导主语从句 )4). The question was who could go there . 问题是谁能去那儿. (who 引导表语从句 )5). He sai
3、d ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来. ( 两个 that 引导 的都是 宾语从句)6). The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊. ( that 引导同位语从句)运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题: :1. whether 与 if 引导名词性从句是略有区别, if 不能引导主语从句, 不能与 or n
4、ot 连用,不与不定式连用.2. 宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应, 主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时(过去 完成时,过去进行时, 过去将来时)3.宾语从句否定前移问题: 当主句中有 : I think ( suppose , expect , believe , imagine , guess ) 时.应当否定 这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定 ,应当注意的是主语 必须是 “I “ , 其他主语同于一般动词的否定. 如: I dont think you are right . (我 认为你不对.) I dont believe they will win the game . (我相
5、信他们不会赢得这场比赛.)She supposed that we couldnt arrive so early . ( 他认为我们不会到到达如此早.)4. 同位语从句一般用 that 引用,先行词一般为: news , fact , idea , suggestion , p romise.有时也可根据句意用其他引导词. 如:Everyone knows the fact the earth goes round the sun .( 众所周知地球围绕太阳转.)2I have no idea when he will be back . (我不知道他什么时间回来.)同位语从句形容词从句形容
6、词从句 在句中起形容词作用.形容词的主要功能是作定语,所以,形容词从句又叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导,先行词一定与引导词有 关系，引导词应能代替先行词，在从句中做成分，因此,形容词从句又叫关系从句.定语从句中的引导词尤为重要。一是引导从句，作为从句的重要标志；二是代替先行词; 三是在从句中充当成分。 由在从句中的地位划分,引导词可分为三类: 一. 主语,宾语引导词. 如: who , whom , what , that , which , as 二 .状语引导词. 如: where , when , why 三 .定语引导词. 如: whose 例如:
7、1). She is the girl who sings best of all . 她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩. 引导词 who 代替先行词 the girl , 在定语从句中作主语.2). Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red . 给我书皮是红色的那本书. 引导词 whose 代替先行词 the notebook , 在从句中作定语 .3). A steel plant is a place where steel is made . 钢厂是生产钢的地方. 引导词 where 与先行词 the place 有关系,相当于 in
8、the place , 在句中作状语,可以 理解为: steel is made in the place .4). As everyone knows , he is honest . 众所周知,她很诚实. 引导词 as 代替先行词 he is honest (先行词为一句话), 在定语从句中作 know 的宾语.需要注意的几个问题需要注意的几个问题: : 1. 先行词为“人“时,引导词用 who ,whom ; whose 即可代替“人“又可代替“物“, that 即 可指“人“又可指“物“; which 指“物“或“整句“; as 前面常有 such 或 the same. 例如: 1)
9、. I wont tell them the news , which will make them sad . 我不愿意告诉他们那 个消息,会使他们悲伤的. ( which 指物 ) 2). Bamboo is hollow , which makes them very light . 竹子是 空 的,这会使他们轻. ( which 代替整句话: bamboo is hollow ) 3). He must be from Africa , as can he seen from skin . 从皮肤上看,他一定来自于 非洲.( as 指全句: he must be from Africa
10、 ) 4). Li Hua was one of the girls who have the chances .李华是那些有机会的小女孩 之一.( who 指人 ) 5). That is the boy whose father died three years ago . 那就是三年前他爸爸死的 那个小男孩.(whose 指人 ,相当于: the boys ) 6). Do you have a bottle whose lid is red ? 你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗? ( whose 指 物 )32. that 和 which 都能指物, 指物是可以互换, that 也能指人 .但下
11、列情况必须用 that. 1)先行词为 all , anything , everything , nothing , something 等不定代词. 2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰. 3)先行词被 the only , the very , the same , the last 等词修饰. 4) 先行词既有人也有物. 5) 以 who 开头的疑问句例如:I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor . 我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.The parks are the clea
12、rest parks that you can imagine . 这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园.Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe . 玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物.They talked about things and persons that they remembered . 他们谈起所记起的人和事.以下情况时能用 which 1) 前面紧接介词时. 2) 引导非限定从句时 例如:This is the book about which we are talking now . 这是我们正谈的那本书.Tom studies hard and is ready to help others , which his parents expect. 汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.
