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1、第 1 页 共 12 页2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial exper
2、iments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers 大1家productivity. Instead, the studies ended giving their name to the “Hawthorne 大2家effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented
3、upon 大3家changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. 大4家According to of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was 大5家increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not what was done in the 大6家experiment; something was changed
4、, productivity rose. A(n) that they were 大7家大8家being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers behavior itself.大9家大10家After several decades, the same data were to econometric the analysis. 大11家Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record, no 大12家systematic was fo
5、und that levels of productivity were related to changes in 大13家lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretation of what happed. , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. 大14家大15家When work started again on Monday, output rose compared with the
6、previous 大16家Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. , a comparison with data 大18家for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, 大19家before a plateau and then slackening off.
7、 This suggests that the alleged 大20家“Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down. 1.A affectedB achieved C extracted D restored 2.A atB upC with D off 3.A truth B sight C actD proof 4.A controversialB perplexingC mischievousD ambiguous 5.A requirements B explanationsC accounts D assessments 6.A conclude B
8、 matterC indicateD work 7.A as far as B for fear thatC in case thatD so long as 8.A awarenessB expectationC sentimentD illusion 9.A suitableB excessiveC enoughD abundant 10. A aboutB forC onD by 11. A comparedB shownC subjectedD conveyed 12. A contrary toB consistent withC parallel withD peculiar to
9、 13. A evidence B guidance C implicationD source 14. A disputableB enlighteningC reliableD misleading第 2 页 共 12 页15. A In contrastB For exampleC In consequenceD As usual 16. A duly B accidentallyC unpredictably D suddenly 17. A failedB ceasedC startedD continued 20. A breaking B climbingC surpassing
10、D hittingSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quart
11、er-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-cit
12、y newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circ
13、ulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appea
14、red. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trust
15、ed to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.” Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During
