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1、新课导入：新课导入： 英语的谓语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。前者表示句子的主语为动作 的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。请比较：Tom broke the window. （主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） 从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语 Tom 在被动句中变成了短语 by Tom， 主动句中的宾语 the window 变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动 句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。11 被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是：be + 过去分词。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有各种时 态形式，列表
2、如下（以动词 ask 为例）：时 间一 般进 行完 成现 在am/is/are asked被问am/is/are being asked正在被问have/has been asked已经被问过过 去was/were asked（过去）被问was/were being asked（过去）正被问had been asked（过去）已被问过将 来shall/will be asked将要被问过去将来should/would be asked（过去）将要被 问1被动语态的各种时态均由助动词 be 的变化构成。2被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助 动词或第一个助动词构成。12 被动语态的每个时态举例说明被动
3、语态的每个时态举例说明:被动语态的各种形式 1) am/is/are +done Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world. 2）has /have been done This book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 3）am/is /are being done A road is being built around the mo
4、untain. Many new houses are being built in this city. 4） was/were done This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 5） had been done A new school had been set up by the end of last year. When the anthem had been played the conference began. 6) was/were being done The meeting was
5、being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 7) shall/will be done More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 8) shall/will have been done eg1：The project will have been completed before July. eg2：Your clothes shall have been made for
6、you soon. 1.3 被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨 晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on tim
7、e.你们的家庭作业必须及时 1.4 主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的 人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.
8、 He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. 1.5 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词“构成 ，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to“仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days They should do it at once.It should be done at once. 16 难点分析：难点分析： （1）在主动语态中，有些动词如 see,hear,make 等，后面跟着的动词不定式省去 to，但变成被动语态时，to 要加上去，不能省略。如:She is heard to sing in the room.见习题：第 19 题， （2）有些动词是没有被动语态的，如 happen,take place,break out 等。
