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1、20132013 高考英语阅读理解题的解题思路高考英语阅读理解题的解题思路一、解的十个特征： 1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解 2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解 3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to 含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely 含义相反的是解 4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解 5、 带有 some 的是解：someone somebody sometime
2、 something certain 6、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解 7、 带虚词的解： another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、 “变化”是解： change delay improve postpone increase 9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on 10、 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义
3、项有解阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路 1.主旨题中心思想 Main idea what is the main idea / point of this passage? Main topic what is the main topic / subject / title? Purpose what is the authors main purpose in the passage?对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项2.细节性问题 Accroding考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在
4、对应词的周围寻找答案。 Number考查对文章中数字的掌握，1） 运算型：通过简单的四则运算求解。 对策：原始数据不是解。 2） 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。 对策：对号入座。 3） 范围型，4） 世纪型 Except 题型即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 Which 题型对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句 3.推断型问题 命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume. 对策： 1） 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断； 2） 通过阅读某段或几段内容 3） 注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭
5、空猜测。4.词汇型问题 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义 对策：常见含义不是解 生词的含义推断 对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。总结总结：常见的命题思路：文章的中心、段落的中心 指代关系 make gains make a profit 因果关系 正因果关系 文中 A 导致 B，问题：有了 B 这一结果，为什么，答案是 A 反因果关系 文中 A 具有 X 特性，B 与 A 不同，问，B 有何特点，答案是非 X 特性。 或 A B， 考非 A 非 B二、 文章的十大考点 1、 列举处常考 细节题，特别是 Which 型和 Except 型；2、 转折处和对比处常考 Howeve
6、r, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but 等。 3、 例子常考 推断题和细节题as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 数字和年代常考 文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。 5、 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或 most, first. 6、 专有名词常考 人名、地名等专有名词7、 细节处常考 细节题同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定
7、式。 8、 因果句常考 推断题因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc 因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc 因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc 9、 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处， 10、 特殊标点常考 细节题破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用示例 1、 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of met
8、eors(流星)but also because of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere.
9、 Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot
10、of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (def
11、ormed) children or even grandchildren. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn
12、out to be in the future.1、According to the passage, without atmosphere A) spaceships can never be shot into spaceB) sunlight cant reach the earth （具体不是解） C) plants can produce varied foodD) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含义相反的是解）（概括是解，含义相反的是解） 2、When men spend long period in space they wi
13、ll protect themselves by A) taking special drugs转折处最高级 举处长句后半句转折，长句后半句列举处，因果关系B) wearing special suits（替换（替换 spacesuits 是解）是解） C) using a protective blanket D) no solution has been found yet3、The greatest danger to men in space is A) meteors B) weightlessness C) radiation D) magnetic force4、Which of
14、 the following statement is true according to the passage? A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformed B) the children of astronauts have damaged sex organsC) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may 是解）是解） D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful5、Radiation is dangerous to m
15、en, A) but we dont know exactly how dangerous it is B) but only in space （替换是解）（替换是解） C) so we should build up our health D) and we can do nothing about it at the present time 示例 2、 Every we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we dont need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to vi
