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1、 倒装：全部倒装在大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中；总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。全部倒装的情况：1. The bus is coming here.Here comes the bus.进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。2. Students went away.Away went students.3. T
2、he boy rushed out.Out rushed the boy.here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为 go，come 等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。The old man lives in the city center.In the city center lives the old man.A temple s
3、tands on the mountain.On the mountain stands a temple. 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 18.On the floor lies a boy aged about 18.Sitted on the ground are a group of yound people.eg. 访问北京的是 300 名日本青年。/ 300 名日本青年正在访问北京。300 Japane
4、se young people are visiting Beijing.Visiting Beijing are 300 Japanese young people.全部倒装的情况：当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为 go，come 等时通常用全部倒装。 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。主要出现在阅读当中，在翻译当中考到全部倒装的可能性比较小。部分倒装部分倒装的形式: 主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。1、当句首状语为否定词
5、或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装这类词语有 hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few,little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way,on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only 等。eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。Never does he smoke. eg. Not only did the customer compl
6、ain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 这位顾客不仅仅 抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。eg. 在任何情况下我都不会相信你。Under no circumstance do I trust you.2、当句首为 only 加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。eg. Only with you can I feel happy. eg. 只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。Only when you come, can we start the meeting.3、so.that 结构中的 so 位于句首时，常引起部分倒装eg. He ru
7、ns so fast that I cant catch up with him. 他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我都没有办法追上他。So fast does he run that I cant catch up with him.eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day. 皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day.4、句子开头的 as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。eg. Although I am
8、young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。Young as I am, I can live by myself.eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the hole family. 虽然她是个女孩，但是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。Girl as she is, she can support the hole family.eg. Although I like music very much,. Much as I like music,.5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。hardly
9、.when. 一.就. scarcely .when.hardly，scarcely 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。eg. Hardly had he seen me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑开了。eg. Hardly had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him. 婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。no sooner.than. 一.就.no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，than 的后面用一般过去时。eg. No sooner had they reached home tha
10、n it rained more and more heavily. 他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。the more .the more. 越.越.eg. The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐 否定：全部否定和部分否定eg. All the birds can not fly.Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。1. 部分否定eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。代词
11、或副词如 all, both,every,everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere 等与 not 搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是“等。eg. All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。= Not all is gold that glitters.2. 全部否定英语中常用 not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never 等表示全部否定的概念。eg. Nothing in the world is difficult fo
12、r one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。eg. W: Daddy, I ve decided to give up science and go to business school.M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.Q: What do we learn from the conver
13、sation?A. The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate studies.B. The man doesnt think his daughter will get a business degree.C. The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D. The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.双重否定1.在阅读当中出现
14、的频率更高一些。在一个句子中出现两个否定词：not, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little, none 等，双重否定表示肯定的概念。eg. No one can command others who cannot command himself.A perpson can command others who command himself. 正人先正己。eg. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the i
15、deas of others, they can not fully participate in our democracy.如果没有能力进行批判性思维，维护自己的观点，并理解他人的观点，他们就不能充分的参与我们的民主政治中来。2.形式否定，意义肯定eg. A man can never have too many ties. 一个男人可以拥有很多的领带。A woman can never have too many dresses. 一个女人拥有再多的衣服也不为过。eg. We can hardly praise his achievement too much. 对他的成就我们无论怎样赞
16、扬也不过分。eg. A mother can never be patient enough with her child. 一个母亲对她的孩子再怎么耐心也不为过。A teacher can never be strict enough with his students. 一个老师对他的学生再怎么严格也不为过。这种形式主要运用于阅读当中。3. 形式肯定，意义否定more A than B 意思为“是 A 不是 B ；与其说是 B ，不如说是 A”eg. The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。He is more a composer than a singer. 与其说他是一个歌唱家不如说他是一个创作者。 anything but 意思为“一点
