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1、1) The “discovery“ of the New World 发现新大陆The “first Americans“ were the Indians 最早的美国人是印第安人In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, supported by the Spanish queen, he led his men to sail across the vast ocean in 1492 and reached some small islands in the now west Indies.
2、 He thought he had reached Asia and didnt know he had discovered a New Continent. 15 世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯多弗.哥伦布，在西班牙女王的支持下,于1492 年率领船队穿越浩瀚的大西洋，抵达了现在西印度群岛的一些小岛。他误以为到达了亚洲，并不知道自己已经发现了一个新大陆。Ameriga Vespucci proved that the land was a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him. 阿美利歌 ?韦斯普奇证明
3、了这是新大陆，因此，以他的名字命名。2)Causes of the colonization of the New World 殖民时期Opportunity was a magic word. 机遇是一个神气的词The new Would drew English nobles (who dreamed of getting more land and establishing great new estates.). Drew other people who could not find jobs in England. Most of all , it drew the poor an
4、d the homeless from the farmlands and villages of Europe. Many settlers came to the English coloniesin search of religious freedom because they had been persecuted in England. 1）他吸引了英国的贵族（那些梦想在荒原上创建庞大的新地产的）2）吸引那些在英国无法找到工作的人。3）尤其是吸引了欧洲农场和乡村的穷人和无家可归的人。4） 许多人为寻求宗教自由而在这英国殖民地定居下来，因为他们在英国受到早叫迫害。3)The firs
5、t English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Between1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. They were Virginia, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Rhode Island, Maryland, North Carolina, South
6、Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Georlina. 美洲的第一块英国殖民地于1607 年在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯建立。从1607 年到 1733 年间，英国在北美的东海岸建立了13 个殖民地。它们是弗吉尼亚、缅因、新罕布什尔、马塞、康涅狄格、纽约、罗得岛、马里兰、北卡罗来纳，南卡罗来纳、新泽西、宾夕法尼亚和佐治亚。In 1620,201 of Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymout
7、h colony. The Puritans（清教徒） ,unlike the Pilgrims( 清教徒前辈)who were artisans and peasants, were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in form
8、ing the American character. They were representative from of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong of individual enterprise.1620年，清教徒前辈中的201 人乘坐 5月花号 船来到新大陆，在普利茅斯建立了殖民地。清教徒和身为手艺人或农夫的清教徒前辈不同，他们富有， 是受过良好教育的绅士。清教徒不允许异教存在。 殖民者在新大陆建立了一种新的生活方式。以下几点为美国特色的形成
9、起到一定作用：政府的代表形式，法制，对人权的尊重，宗教的宽容和强大个人进取精神。4） The American War of Independence and its consequences.美国独立战争极其影响the causes: With the development of economy, the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development
10、under control and collect more taxes from the colonies.原因：随着经济的发展，殖民地人民要求更多的自决权。而英国政府的政策是要把经济发展控于股掌，并向殖民地征收更多的税。the Boston Tea Party ( 波士顿茶叶事件): In 1773, several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded the ships of the British East India Company and threw the tea into the harbor. 1773年，几十名
11、波士顿居民化装成印第安人，登上英国东印度公司的船，将茶叶倾入海中。the First continental Congress: In September 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. 第一届大陆会议：1774 年9月，在费城召开，鼓励美国人抵制英货。Lexington and Concord(列克星顿和康克特) ： The War of Independence began at t
12、here in 1775. The Second Continental Congress(three weeks after the battle at Lexington in 1775 ):founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of Washington; appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration(Thomas Jefferson was the man who draft it), the Declarationof Independence, And a
13、dopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.第二次大陆会议 （1775 年的列克星顿战役三周之后）：建立了大陆军和海军，任命华盛顿为总司令；指定了一个委员会负责起草一份正式宣言（托马斯。杰斐逊起草），1776.6.4，通过了独立宣言。The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.宣言清晰
14、地解释了指导这场革命的政治理论，这一理论源于英国哲学家约翰。洛克。The consequences: IN September ,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. Britain recognized the independence of the United States; the war was from 1775 to 1781, it shows that, in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one. American people gained independence and
15、 capitalismdeveloped in America. It also had great international influence.意义： 1783 年9月， 巴黎条约签署，英国承认美国独立；战争从1775-1781，表明，在一场正义的战争中，弱者可以战胜强者。美国人民获得了独立，资本主义得到发展。同时具有深远的国际影响。5)Establishment of a federal form of government: 联邦政府的建立The Articles of Confederation was unusual in many ways.1)it provided for
16、no king;2)while the Articles created a central government in the form of a Congress, the emphasis was still on state powers.3)the Articles of Confederation was a written constitution for the U.S. But there were serious weaknesses, it was difficult to carry on the business of the government without someone to do the executive s job. Congress was too large a body to function as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes. A conference was held in Philadelphia in Ma
