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1、莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前 126 首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。这首诗是十四行诗集中的第 18 首，属前者。也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生
2、动地阐释了人文主义的命题。 诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。“
3、你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。 诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。 The Author:William Shakespeare (/ekspr/;26 April 1564 (baptised) 23 April 1616) was an E
4、nglish poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist.He is often called Englands national poet and the “Bard of Avon“.His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long nar
5、rative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married
6、 Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlains Men, later known as the Kings Men. He appears to have retired to
7、Stratford around 1613 at age 49, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeares private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.
8、Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613.His early plays were mainly comedies and histories and these works remain regarded as some the best work produced in these genres even today. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and M
9、acbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, John Heminges and
10、 Henry Condell, two friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare, published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeares. It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as “not of
11、 an age, but for all time“.Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeares genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that Georg
12、e Bernard Shaw called “bardolatry“.8 In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throug
13、hout the world.It is not known exactly when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592.30 By then, he was sufficiently well known in London to be attacked in print by the playwright Robert Greene i
14、n his Groats-Worth of Wit:.there is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tigers heart wrapped in a Players hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes factotum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in
15、 a country.Scholars differ on the exact meaning of these words,but most agree that Greene is accusing Shakespeare of reaching above his rank in trying to match university-educated writers such as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe and Greene himself (the “university wits“).The italicised phrase parod
16、ying the line “Oh, tigers heart wrapped in a womans hide“ from Shakespeares Henry VI, Part 3, along with the pun “Shake-scene“, identifies Shakespeare as Greenes target. Here Johannes Factotum“Jack of all trades“ means a second-rate tinkerer with the work of others, rather than the more common “universal genius“.Greenes attack is the earliest surviving mention of Shakespeares career in the theatre. Biographers suggest that his career may have begun any time from
