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1、智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料老托福阅读真题PASSAGE 50-智课教育旗下智课教育本文和大家分享的是老托福阅读真题PASSAGE 50，练习真题是最 重要也最有效的复习方法，大家在复习托福阅读考试的时候一定要对真 题重视起来。 托福阅读 的思维方式就是托福阅读的出题方式，只有掌握了这种思 维方式，才有可能在做题之前，预测到新托福阅读题的出题形式和特点 ，为找答案节省时间。老托福阅读试题的核心价值，在于其最贴近真题 的阅读思维方式。此外老托福阅读真题比新托福IBT阅读文章要短，比 较容易适应。这也是大家在备考托福的时候非常重要的一点。因为前期 的入手如果能从容易的开始，就会形成一个循序渐
2、进的过程方式，让大 家的练习有一个提高的过程 。 既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果，那我们如何利用那有限的真题 来达到锻炼自己的目的呢？事实上这就一个办法，就是坚持。本期为大 家推荐老托福阅读的真题PASSAGE 50，附有原文及答案，希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household ar
3、ts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce United States museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in t
4、he eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be traced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revis
5、ed to admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces. The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes that threatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened,monotonous merchandise. Founded in the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and William Morris, th
6、e movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidly industrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an essential moral ingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the only form of art, Ruskin and his followers criticized not only the deg
7、radation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to beauty. In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of handcrafted objects: simple, straigh
8、tforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. These criteria were interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtua
9、lly all Arts and Crafts design is nature.The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home and its appointments, then the occup
10、ants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects. For both artisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as a magical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization. 1. The passage primarily focuses on nineteenth-century arts and crafts in terms of which of the following? (A)
11、 Their naturalistic themes (B) Their importance in museum collections (C) Their British origin (D) Their role in an industrialized society2. According to the passage , before the nineteenth century, artisans were thought to be (A) defenders of moral standards (B) creators of cheap merchandise (C) sk
12、illed workers (D) artists 3. It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movement would have considered all of the following to be artists EXCEPT (A) creators of textile designs (B) people who produce handmade glass objects (C) operators of machines that automatically cut legs for f
13、urniture (D) metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry 4. The word revered in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) respected (B) described (C) avoided (D) created5. According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes of middle- and working-class families usually were (A) made by me
14、mbers of the family (B) the least expensive objects in their homes (C) regarded as being morally uplifting (D) thought to symbolize progress 6. The word extolled in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) exposed (B) praised (C) believed (D) accepted 7. The author mentions all of the following as attri
15、butes of handcrafted objects EXCEPT(A) the pride with which they were crafted (B) the complexity of their design (C) the long time that they lasted (D) the quality of their materials 8. The word consistent in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) conservative (B) considerable (C) constant (D) concret
16、e 9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred at the same time as the Arts and Crafts Movement? (A) The creation of brighter and more airy spaces inside homes (B) The rejection of art that depicted nature in a realistic manner (C) A decline of interest in art museum collections (D) An increase in the buying of imported art objects 10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?(A) Private collectors in the nineteenth century concentrated on acquiring
