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1、 OCIMF 规范研究 1/121/12Oil companies International Marine ForumEffective mooring 2nd Edition 2005OCIMFs mission is to be the foremost authority on the safe and environmentally responsible operation of off tankers and terminals, promoting continuous improvement in standards of design and operationOCIMF
2、规范研究 2/122/12FOREWORDThis booklet is derived from one entitled “Effective mooring which was originally published by Shell International marine in1976. The aim of the Shell booklet was to complement technical publications and rules and regulations with a publication that was deliberately written in s
3、uch a style as to communicate effectively with seafarers at all levels. Experience over the past ten years has shown that “Effective Mooring“ was successful in putting across its message and therefore the same general format is retained in this version of the booklet. The emphasis in this booklet is
4、 on SAFETY. its intention shipboard staff be made more aware of the hazards associated with mooring equipment and mooring operations by having a better understanding of the subject. A summary of the personal safety items mentioned in the text is given in chapter 7.This booklet is designed to be self
5、-contained; however readers who are interested in obtaining more detailed technical information should refer to other OCIMF documents dealing with mooring. Although this booklet has been written primarily with oil and gas tankers in mind, most of its contents apply equally to other of vessel.CONTENT
6、SChapter 1 Effective MooringWhat Does a Mooring System Do? How Big Are These Forces? Mooring Layout Wires or Synthetic Fibre Ropes Elasticity First Line Ashore Vertical Angle (Dip) Mixed Mooring Nylon Tails Chapter 2 Mooring Winches Render and Heave Winch Brakes Correct Layering Non Split Drum Winch
7、es Split Drum Winches Correct Reeling Brake Condition Testing Brakes Application of Brake Incorrect Use of Brake Brake Holding Capacity Exceptional Circumstances Winch In Gear Freezing Weather Joining a New ShipOCIMF 规范研究 3/123/12Safety RemindersChapter 3 Steel Wire RopesConstruction of Wire Ropes M
8、aintenance of Steel Wire Moorings Selection of Anchor Point for 1st Layer of Wire on a Drum Stoppers for use with Steel Wires Care of Wire Splicing Wire Safety RemindersChapter 4 Synthetic Fibre RopesUse of Synthetic Fibre Ropes Type of Materials Used Rope Care Rope Stoppers Splicing Snapback Safety
9、 reminders Chapter 5 Mooring at BuoysConventional or Multibuoy Moorings (CBM or MBM) Single Bouy Moorings (SBM) Chapter 6 windlasses and Anchoring Brakes Cable Stoppers Anchor Cables .communication Maintenance of Windlass Brakes Adjustment Prolonged Periods of Non-Use Safety RemindersChapter 7 Perso
10、nal SafetyHandling; of Moorings Safe Handling of Tug Lines Gloves Safety Reminders Chapter 1OCIMF 规范研究 4/124/12Chapter 1 Effective MooringWhat Does a Mooring System Do? A mooring system prevents the ship from drifting away from a berth and holds the ship in place in relation to the loading/dischargi
11、ng arms, which may only have limited freedom of movement. Mooring lines may also assist in heaving the ship alongside a berth and can be used to assist in unberthing . The mooring system has to maintain the ships position against force that will be trying to move it, which may be caused by one or mo
12、re of following (a)Wind (b)Current (c)Surge due to passing ships (d)Waves and Swell (e)Change of freeboardHow Big Are These Forces? At a well sited berth, the greatest forces arise from wind and current ,but to design a mooring system capable of resisting the extreme condition of wind and current wo
13、uld create problems in both size and cost of equipment .It is therefore normal practice to establish arbitrary wind and current criteria and then design the mooring system to meet these criteria. Commonly used criteria are:Wind 60 knots, plus a current on the beam of 0.75 knots, orWind 60 knots, plu
14、s a current from ahead or astern of 3 knots Both wind and current forces are proportional to the square of the wind or current speed, thus the force caused by a 60 knot wind is four times that caused by a 30 knot wind, and the force exerted by a 3 knot current is nine times that exerted by a 1 knot
15、current. Wind speed increases with height above sea level. For example ,a wind of 60 knots at 10 metres will be more than 75 knots at 30 metres buts only 30 konts at 2 metres (just above man-high). So that information from sites can be compared ,it is usual to correct all anemometer reading to an equivalent height of 10 metres. Because of the speed force and speed height characteristics of wind behaviour freeboard is a major and sometimes critical factor for safe mooring .In the case of currents, forces become significant when the clearance under th
