使用现在完成时应值得注意的问题

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1、1使用现在完成时应值得注意的问题使用现在完成时应值得注意的问题关于现在完成时的时间状语关于现在完成时的时间状语1.现在完成时说明的是现在的情况,属于现在时。因而不能与表示过去具体时间的 时间状语连用,如不可与 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990, at eight o clock 等之类的时间状语连用。这类时间状语通常是与过去(一般)时连用。 、例如:-Has he come back yet?-Yes, he came back yesterday?2.现在完成时通常可与表示过去不确定时间的时间状语连用,如 already, yet,

2、 just, before 等副词时间状语。例子见上述“主要用法”中。 例如: 1)I have already returned the pen to him. 2)Have you washed my clothes yet? -Yes, I have just washed them. 3)I have seen the man before. 说明:before 有时也可用于一般过去时(这与用现在完成时意思差不多) ,如 I told you before.我早就告诉过你。另外,already 和 yet 有时也可用于一般现在时,如 Its eight already./He isnt

3、 back yet (=He hasnt come back yet).3.现在完成时通常可以与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如 since., for.; ever, never, recently(最近) ,today, this week (year), these days (weeks, years), in/during the last/past two years, so far 等。 例如:1)We have known each other since we came to the school.2)I have collected ten stamps t

4、his weekthese weeks. 3)Have you seen him these days? 说明: ever, never 有时也可用于一般过去时(这与用现在完成时意思差不多) , 如 I never saw the man.4.比较下列几组用法的区别already 与 yet一般情况下,already 表示“已经”,主要用于肯定陈述句,一般在句中;yet 表示“已经”或“仍然,还”是用于疑问句或否定句,一般在句末。比较: 1)He has already come. 2)Has he come yet?3)He hasnt come yet.already 有时也可用于疑问句(

5、句末) ,但不表示疑问而是表示惊讶(这与 yet 不同) 。比较:1)Mum, Ive done my homework. -Oh, God! Have you done your homework already?(表示惊讶)天哪!你已经做完你的作业了?(真快!)2)Have you done your homework yet?(表示疑问)你做完你的作业没有?2ever 与 yetever 与 yet 均可用于疑问句、否定句,但 yet 表示“已经”或“仍然,还”,一 般“时间上距离现在不是很远” ;ever 表示“曾经,以往任何时候”, “时间上距 离现在可近可远” ,反义词 never

6、。体会:1)Have you ever milked a cow? 你曾经挤过牛奶吗?-No, I never have.或 No, never. 没有,从来没有过。 (问可以是有生以来的经历)2)Have you milked the cow yet? 你已经给那头牛挤过奶了吗?-No, I havent yet.或 No, not yet.(问现在说话说时的情况)for 与 sincefor 和 since 均可引导一个时间状语,与现在完成时连用,区别如下:“for + 一段时间” ,意思为“共计(时间) ” ;for 是 prep.,后面只能 跟一个短语,即只能引导一个时间短语。“sin

7、ce + 某一时间” ,意思为“自从(以来) ” ;since 是 prep.&conj., 后面可以跟一个短语,也可以跟一个句子,即既可以引导一个时间短语,也可 以引导一个时间从句。例如:1)He has sat here since two oclock.He has sat here since he came here.2)He has sat here for two hours.two years ago 与 for two years, since two years ago三者的意思和连用的时态不一样:two years ago两年前一般过去时for two years共计两年

8、现在完成时;一般过去时since two years ago两年来现在完成时例如:1)He lived here two years ago. 他两年前住在这儿。(已有两年不住在这儿了)2)He has lived here for two years. 他在这儿住两年了。(两年前开始住的,一直住到现在,还可能继续住下去)比较:He lived here for two years. 他过去(曾经)在这儿住两年了。 (是哪两年不清楚)3)He has lived here since two years ago. 两年来,他一直住在这儿。 (= He has lived here for tw

9、o years.) 疑问副词 when 不可与现在完成时连用谈论发生在过去的事情,疑问词副词 when(包括 what time)不可与现在 完成时连用(其它疑问副词或疑问代词可以) ,因为 when 相当于 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990, at eight oclock 等之类的表示过去具体时间的时间 状语。这类时间状语是不能与现在完成时连用的,只可与一般过去时等连用。例如:1)Why have you turned off the radio(收音机)? 你为什么把收音机关上了?32)Where has he gone (to

10、)? 他到哪儿去了?3)When has he gone? -He has gone yesterday. 他什么时候去的?他昨天去的。When did he go? -He went yesterday. 关于现在完成时表示持续的用法说明关于现在完成时表示持续的用法说明 1.现在完成时表示持续时必须用持续性动词,不能用非持续性动词(即短暂性动词) , 因为非持续性动词是不可能表示持续的。例如:1)I have borrowed the book for two weeks. I have kept the book for two weeks. 2)I have bought the pen

11、 for a year. I have had the pen for a year. 3)He has put on the blue coat for five years. He has worn the blue coat for five years. 4)He has come here for two weeks. He has been here for two weeks. 5)They have begun to work in the factory since 1990. They have worked in the factory since 1990. 6)He

12、has stood up since we came in. He has stood since we came in. 7)Mr. Wang has left Shanghai for a week. Mr. Wang has been away from Shanghai for a week. 一些常见的短暂性动词和相应的持续性动词举例如下表,仅供参考使用。还 有很多很多不可能一一列出,只希望能受到启发。 短暂性动词 持续性动词borrow keepbuy havedie be dead put on(穿上) wear join the club be in the clubjoin

13、the Party(入党) be in the Party 或 be a Party memberbecome a Party member(党员) be a Party member 或 be in the Party begin to work/rain work/raincome (here) be herecome back be backcome to (Beijing) be in (Beijing) go (there) be therego back be back go to (Beijing) be in (Beijing) get to (Beijing) be in (

14、Beijing) leave () 离开() be away (from)fall ill be ill fall asleep/go to sleep be asleep go to bed be in bed4get up 起床 be upget to know(开始认识) know get ready(准备好) be readysit down sitstand up stand 2.用短暂性动词的现在完成时表示持续是错误的,其改正方法:改动词;改句型;改时态 例如:1)他母亲去世三年了。His mother has died for three years. His mother has been dead for three years. (改动词)Its three years since his mother died. (改句型)His mother died three years ago. (改时态)2)他入党二十年了。He has joined the Party for twenty years. He has been a Party member(成员)for twenty years. He

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