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1、生物英语证书考试生物英语证书考试(PEC)-生物科学常用术语生物科学常用术语AllogeneicA situation in which the donor and the recipient are not the same person.Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)Commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to part of the heart, causing some heart cells to die. This is most commonly
2、 due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids (like cholesterol) and white blood cells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia (restriction in blood supply) a
3、nd oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death (infarction) of heart muscle tissue (myocardium).AutologousA situation in which the donor and the recipient are the same person.Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs)A cardioprogenitor cell is a cellular phenot
4、ype with the capacity to yield myocardial tissue and blood vessels upon differentiation.Cardiac Resynchronisation therapy (CRT)A CRT is a type of pacemaker (is a medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart)
5、 that can pace both the septal and lateral walls of the left ventricle.Cardiac Stem Cells (CSCs)Cells that can give rise to all of the major cell types in the human heart.Cardiogenic cocktailA mixture of growth factors, cytokines and small molecules that have the capacity to drive Cardiopoiesis.Card
6、iogenesisDevelopment of the heart in the embryo.Cardiopoietic Cells (CPCs)Cells that are precursors of fully differentiated cardiac muscle cells. In the lab, CPCs can be generated from stem cells by culture in the presence of a specific cocktail of cardiotrophic factors, which was developed at Mayo
7、Clinic.Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels which includes: - Coronary heart disease- Cerebrovascular disease - Peripheral arterial disease - Rheumatic heart disease - Congenital heart disease - Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolismConsistency lotsLot
8、s produced to documented evidence that the process, operated within established parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to manufacture a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes.Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - also known as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)A co
9、ndition in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. This can causes angina (chest pain or discomfort) or a heart attack (when the blood flow to an area of the heart muscle is completel
10、y blocked, preventing oxygen-rich blood from reaching that area and causing it to die).CryopreservationCryopreservation is a process where cells or whole tissues are preserved by cooling to low sub-zero temperatures. At these low temperatures, any biological activity, including the biochemical react
11、ions that would lead to cell death, is effectively stopped.Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)Stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary ge
12、rm layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.FormulationFormulation is the vehicle and the form in which an active compound is delivered in the body.Formulation is the vehicle and the form in which an active compound is delivered in the body.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)GMP is part of a quality s
13、ystem covering the manufacture and testing of active pharmaceutical products. GMPs are guidelines that outline the aspects of production and testing that can impact the quality of a product.Heart Failure (HF)Heart Failure is a condition in which the heart has been damaged and cannot pump enough bloo
14、d to meet the bodys metabolic needs. HF can be of ischemic or non ischemic origin: - Ischemic Origin (Coronary Artery Disease) - Non Ischemic Origin o Hypertension: high blood pressure; o Other conditions such as heart valve disease, congenital heart defect, endocarditis (infection of the heart valv
15、es) and/or myocarditis (infection of the heart muscle). The failing heart keeps working but not as efficiently as it should. HF patients cannot exercise because they become short of breath and tired. In the most severe forms, even slight exercises, like walking a short distance, are impossible.Human
16、 MSCsMSCs (see definition below) of human origin.Immunodeficient rodentsA lineage of rodents (like rats or mice) that are genetically lacking some components of the immune system (the system that protects against external aggressions like infections).Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)Small battery-powered electrical impulse generator which is implanted in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death due t
