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1、L1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas-legends handeddown fro
2、m one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Isl
3、ands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find
4、out where the firstmodern men came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when
5、 even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressionsrecount /rikaunt/ v.叙述 / reikaunt/ 再数一次record / rekd/ /ri kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict： a little emotionalnarrate： temporal they would devour all our crops and kill our fl
6、ocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the least
7、 harm to us or ourbelongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on
8、spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impo
9、ssible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human being
10、s in the country.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The ListenerNew words and expressions flocks and herds 牛群和羊群flCk/ the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分you are the same flock.也可指人herd 多指牛群 cowherd cowboythrong and crowd swarmowe vt.感激欠 i owe you. i owe you a big favor. 欠 issu
11、eoblige indebt appreciate-常用口语词 正式：grateful thankfulbeast n 兽形容人野蛮无比，不能用 animal 形容creature 可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性Fraction小部分 分数，小数 a fraction of rice will sufficeon ones behalf 代表 利益I beat you on your behalf.我打你是为你好on behalf of somebody /somethinge.g on behalf of chinese government on behalf of representaut
12、hority /C:WCriti/ n.权威 authorize 批准 authoritative 权威性的 authoritarian 独裁的tarian 带有这种词缀的词都是坏词 dictator 独裁者dictatorial 独裁的authorities 权威（可单数可复数） 当局（复数）census /senss/ n.统计数据the fifth national population census. censor 审查censorious 挑剔的，挑刺的acre /eik/ n.英亩 acresquare metersfootball pitch 足球场 football yard
13、football court football fieldbe content with 满足于 满足作表语，不能出现定语结构He is content with status quo.contented heart :心满意足的人spare /spZ/ v. 不伤害，宽恕spare me He doesnt spare himself.I spare no efforts to learn english.( spare no efforts: 不遗余力作什么)Notes on the textwhy, you may wonderyou may wonder why 插入语 先不管插入语，
14、弄清句子结构you may wonder why spiders should be our friends？插入语位置不固定why 以疑问句 开头why,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings.why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted.destroy 程度比 damage 要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光tear into piecesgreatest enemies:天敌 dying enemy crying enemydear enemyhuma
15、n race:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词impossible 和 possible 永远不要以人开头It is impossible for somebody to do something.likely 可以以人做主语。i am likely to go. probable 也不以人做主语they would 表示假设devour 狼吞虎咽 devour the foodmake a cake of myself make a god of myself devour the bookit 虚拟语气 前面是主句，下面是条件句前面一般的加动词 devour,后面用一般过去时If i
16、t were not for:如果这不是因为I would not survive if it were not for his timely help.but for 一定是虚拟语气 if it were not forowe 感激，欠 i owe you.引出主题all of them put together:把他们堆到一起 谓语动词是 killdestroyed 后置定语，重心转到 spiderL 3 MattonhornModern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will givethem good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was
