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1、 第六节第六节 各种从句各种从句英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。一、名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。（一）主语从句考试重点：主语从句常用的连词的用法；it is desirable that 引导的主语从句的用法。在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。连词：that，whether连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever 等。连接副词：when，where，how，why1、由连词 that，whether 引导的主语从句。连词 that，whether 在主语从句
2、中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由它们引导的主语从句，多用 it 做形式主语。（1）_ was unimportant.A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinnerC. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner （答案：A）（2000 年 40题）（2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.）
3、 地球是圆的， 是个事实。2、由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。注意翻译时不能把它们译为疑问句。由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语 it 引导。（1）Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.） 谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道。（2）When well start is not clear.（It is not clear when well start.） 我们何时出发还不清楚。3、以关系代词 what, whatever,
4、whoever引导的主语从句。What 有时可以用来表示 the thing which 这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西或一件事情。Who，whom，which，what，可以和 ever 构成合成词，和 what 一样引导从句，ever 起强调作用。此类句子不能用形式主语 it 引导，它们在句子中担任成份，不能省略，语序为陈述句的语序。（1）_ I saw was two men crossing the street.A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That （答案：A） （2001 年 38 题）（2）_ was not the way the event happ
5、ened.A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported C. what did the press report D. What the press reported（答案：D。主语从句，what 在从句中做宾语。 ） （1998 年 24 题）4、句型 It is desirable （suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent）+that+主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形） 。（1）Its urgent that a meeting _ bef
6、ore the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged （答案：C） （2003 年 45 题）（2）It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this university.A. is appointed B. will be appointed C. be appointed D. has been appointed （答案：C） （1997 年 52 题）（二）表语从句考试
7、重点：表语从句的基本用法；含有 suggestion，proposal 等词的表语从句的用法。1、在从句中做表语的从句叫表语从句。它位于主句中的系动词之后，常用的关联词和主语从句相同。（1）This is what he wants. 这就是他想要的东西。（2）The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning. 问题是我们明天上午能否完成任务。2、用 suggestion 等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气，从句中用 should（可省略）+动词原形。（1）The generals command w
8、as that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left （答案：B） （2002 年 48 题）（2）His proposal is that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.他提议他们和别的组挑战进行一场友谊竞赛。（三）宾语从句考试重点：宾语从句用陈述句的语序；介词后面的宾语从句；suggest，insist，order，de
9、mand 等动词后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气；if 和 whether 的区别。1、宾语从句用陈述句的语序（1）Can you tell me _ about the city that makes people love it so much?A. it is what B. what it is C. what is it D. is it what（答案：B。宾语从句用陈述句的语序。 ） （1999 年 47 题）（2）No one doubts _ it is true.A. whether B. if C. that d. what（答案：C。I doubt whether/if我怀疑
10、。I dont doubt that 我毫不怀疑。又如：I doubt whether he can speak English. 我怀疑他是否会说英语。 ） （1997 年 38 题）2、介词后面的宾语从句（1）The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _ she had gone.A. where that B. of where C. of the place D. the place（答案: B。where 引导的从句做介词的宾语。 ） （1998 年 48 题）（2）He was
11、 a man of fine character in all points _ he was rather timid.A. in that B. except that C. for that D. except for （答案：B） （1997 年 53 题）3、suggest，insist，order，demand 等动词后作宾语时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气。His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on （答案：A） （19
12、99 年 58 题）The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have （答案：C） （1998 年 28题）4、在下列情况下不能用 if , 而用 whether。后跟不定式：He didnt tell me whether to go or stay. 他没有告诉我是走还是留下。前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could fi
13、nd the necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题。引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们胜利也好，失败也好，对我来说都是一样的。后面直接跟 or not：I wonder whether Ill catch the last bus or not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车。二、定语从句考试重点：限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法；关系副词 when，where，why，引导的定语从句；带介词的定语从句；非限定性定语从句；“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句。在复合句
14、中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。注意关系代词和关系副词在从句中的应用。（一）关系代词 who，whom，whose，which，that 引导的定语从句1、The company official _ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whom B. whoever C. who D. of whom（答案：A。关系代词 whom 在定语从句中做宾语，修饰先行词 official） （1998 年 40 题）2、The investigation , _ will soon be pub
15、lished, was made by John.A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whose results D. at whose results（答案：C。关系代词 whose 在定语从句中做定语。 ） （1998 年 58 题）（二）关系副词 when ,where, why, 引导的定语从句1、The time will come _ man can fly to outer space freely.A. that B. when C. in that D. which（答案：B。when 在定语从句中做状语。 ）
16、 （1996 年 35 题）2、I will never forget the ten years _ we both spent in the little village.A. when B. during which C. which D. in which （答案：A） （2001 年 54 题）（三）关系代词前带介词的定语从句1、Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _ she belonged.A. which B. to where C. to which D. at which（答案：C。关系代词 which 和 whom 还可以做“动词词组”后面的前置宾语。
