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1、高考英语陷阱题语法详解:动词时态来源:天星 更新日期:2011-04-01 点击:371. “I _ his telephone number.“ “I have his number, but I _ to bring my phone book.“A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgotC. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget【陷阱】容易误选 A,认为“忘记“是现在的事。【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境:第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了“,这个“忘记“应该 是现在的情况,即现在忘记了,要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了,故第一空应填 f
2、orget;第二个人说“我有他的号码,但我忘记带电话本了“,这个“忘记“应该是过去的情况, 即过去忘记带电话本,所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but) ,故第二空应 填 forgot,即答案选应 C.请再看一例:- Oh, I _ where he lives.- Dont you carry your address book?No, I _ to bring it.A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgotC. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget答案选 C,理由同上。2. I had hoped to see her
3、off at the station, but I _ too busy.A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been【陷阱】容易误选 B 或 D,认为前句用了 had hoped,所以此句谓语要用 B 或 D 与之呼应。【分析】但正确答案为 A,前一句谓语用 had hoped,表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算, 可以译为“本想“,而后一句说“我太忙“,这是陈述过去的一个事实,所以要用一般过去时。 请做以下类似试题(答案均为 A):(1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it wa
4、s gone.A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _.A. didnt B. hadntC. neednt D. would not have(3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we _ no time.A. had B. had hadC. would have D. would have had(4) I had expected to come o
5、ver to see you last night, but someone _ and I couldnt get away.A. called B. had calledC. would call D. would have called(5) The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _ really careless.A. was B. is C. were D. had been3. Dear me! Just _ at the time! I _ no idea it was so la
6、te.A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have【陷阱】此题容易误选 D,认为第一空用现在分词表伴随,第二空填 have 的一般现在时, 以保持与前面时态的一致性。【分析】其实,此题应选 C,第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语;第二空应填 had,因为前一句说“看看时间吧“,这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形,“不知道这么迟了“ 显然应是“过去“的事,故应用一般过去时态,许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。4. “Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.“ “It
7、s 4331577.“A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant【陷阱】此题容易误选 C,认为此处要用一般现在时态,表示现在“没听清对方的话“。【分析】其实,此题答案应选 A,根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?“可知 “没听清对方的电话号码“应是在说此话以前,故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题:(1)“Mr Smith isnt coming tonight.“ “But he _.“A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised答案选 B,“他答应(要来)“应发生在过去。(2)“Hey,
8、 look where you are going!“ “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.“A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticed D. I dont notice答案选 B,“我没注意“是对方提醒之前的事,现经对方一提醒,当然注意到了。(3)“Oh its you! I _ you.“ “Ive had my hair cut.“A. didnt realize B. havent realizedC. didnt recognize D. dont recognized答案选 C.“没认出是你“是
9、说此话之前的事,说此话时显然已经认出了对方。(4)“Whats her new telephone number?“ “Oh, I _.“A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting此题应选 A,从语境上看,“忘记“的时间应是现在,即指现在不记得了。(5)“Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready?“ “But I _ that you would have me start at once.“A. dont realize B. didnt realize C. h
10、adnt realized D. havent realized答案选 B.“没意识到“是对方提醒之前的事。(6)“Its twelve oclock, I think I must be off now.“ “Oh, really? I _ it at all.“A. dont realize B. havent realized C. didnt realize D. hadnt realized答案选 C.“没意识到“是在听到的话之前的事。5. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has f
11、inished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing【陷阱】容易误选 B 或 C.【分析】此题应选 D,这是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 这一句话 的语境决定的,全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书,但我不知道他现在是否写完了“。有 的同学可能由于受 last year 的影响而误选 B.但若选 B,则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史 密斯先生去年写了一本书“,既然是“写了“,那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了 “相矛盾。6. He has changed
12、a lot. He _ not what he _.A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 C,上文说“他“变化很大,即“他“现在不是过去的那个样子了,故第一 空填 is,第二空填 was(其实第二空也可用 used to be) 。请看类例:“What place is it?“ “Havent you found out we _ back where we _?“A. were, had been B. have been, are C. are, were D. are, had been
13、答案选 C,We are back where we were 的意思是“我们(现在)又回到刚才来过的地方“。7. He is very busy. I dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming【陷阱】此题容易误选 B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句,从句谓语要用一般现在时表示 将来意义。【分析】其实,此题答案应选 C,句中 if 引导的不是条件状语从句(即 if如果) ,而是宾 语从句(即 if是否) ,句意为“他很忙,我不知道明天他是否会来。“请看以下类似试题:(1)I don
14、t know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know.A. comes, comes B. will come, will comeC. comes, will come D. will come, comes答案选 D,第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句,第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。(2)“When _ he come?“ “I dont know, but when he _, Ill tell you.“A. does, comes B. will, will come C. does, will come D. will, comes答
15、案选 D,第一个 when 疑问副词,用于引出一个特殊疑问句;第二个 when 是从属连词, 用于引导时间状语从句。(3)“When he _ is not known yet.“ “But when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.“A. comes, comes B. will come, will comeC. comes, will come D. will come, comes答案选 D,第一个 when 引导的是主语从句,第二个 when 引导的是时间状语从句。8. The bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairin
16、g.A. is dated from B. was dated fromC. dates from D. dated from【陷阱】此题容易误选 B 或 D,认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间,所以应选过去时态,又 因为 date from 不用于被动语态,所以只能选 D.【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是 C,因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今 “(have existed since) ,它通常用于一般现在时,而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是 表示过去的时间) 。如:The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。The castle dates from th