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1、一、动名词作主语一、动名词作主语注：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系 在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者 联系在一起，如： Its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换： 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定 式，如： Seeing is believing.
2、 To see is to believe.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语 it，而将动名词或不定式放 在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 二、动名词作表语二、动名词作表语注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的 某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较： My favorite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to d
3、o is to improve our pronunciation.动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系， 主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表 语不可互换位置，但可用 very, quite 等副词来修饰，如： My job is looking after the children. 我的工作是照顾小孩。可以换成： Looking after the children is my job. Our duty is serving t
4、he people heart and soul.我们的义务是全心全意为人民服务。可以换成： Serving the people heart and soul is our duty. 以上两处是动名词作表语，可以和主语互换位置，不影响句子的基本含义。The situation is encouraging. 形势是值得鼓励的。 This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 以上三处是现在分词作表语，不可与主语互换位置。三、动名词作宾语三、动名词作宾语Hearing the wor
5、ds, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness. We all avoided mentioning that matter.能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, cant help, imagine, keep (on), dont mind, miss, practice, put off, stop, go on, resis
6、t, suggest 等，如： Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy working with you. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, cant afford 等。上述动词尽管可以带
7、两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要注意下列几个情 况：A. 在 begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如： She cant bear being laughed at / to be laughed at. 但是在下列情况下，通常用不定式：a. 在 would like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一个特定的新动作时： Id like to buy a suit. Id hate to disappoint them
8、.b. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时： The water is beginning / starting to boil. Im starting to work on my essay next week.c. 在 begin 等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精 神活动时）： She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong.d. 当主语是物，不是人时： The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to mel
9、t.B. 在 need, want, deserve 等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不 定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物）， 如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled.C. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. 在我离开房间前，我忘记了关门（注：门没关） I forgot having closed the door. 我忘记了我关了门（注：门关了） He tried to write b
10、etter. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事) They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼) They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉) I regret not taking your advi
11、ce. (后悔)四、动名词作状语四、动名词作状语动名词（短语）可以和 about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without 等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，如：They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news. He warned me against swimming there. She left without saying good-bye to us. Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children.
