状语从句、综合训练4

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1、1学科辅导讲义学科辅导讲义 讲义编号_ 学员编号:学员编号: 年年 级:高二级:高二 课时数:课时数: 3 3 学员姓名:学员姓名: 辅导科目:辅导科目: 英语 学科教师:学科教师: 课课 题题状语从句状语从句 英语综合题目英语综合题目授课日期及时段授课日期及时段年月日 教学目的1.1.掌握状语从句的用法。掌握状语从句的用法。 2.2.通过单项选择巩固语法知识。通过单项选择巩固语法知识。教学内容第一部分状语从句由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词) 、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。一、时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可

2、由 when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until) , since, once, as soon as (或 the moment ) , by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time 等引导。1.由 when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句。When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When I

3、 came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.注意:when, while 和 as 的区别:when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且 when 有时表示“就在那时” 。When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。 We were about to leave when he ca

4、me in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。 While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应) 。并且 while 有时还可以表示对比。 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading 是延续性的动词,was reading 和 was watching 同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。As 表示“一边一边” ,as 引导的动作

5、是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as 也可以强调“一先一后。 We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。2As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as 强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)2.由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句。注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才” 。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果 before 引导的从句谓

6、语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反。如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)3.由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句。till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:

7、如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。如:I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我4.由 since 引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动

8、词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在 It is 时间since 从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in

9、Beijing. 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。5.由 as soon as, immediately the moment,等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就” 。I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. 我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。 He started as

10、soon as he received the news.注意:hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan 相当于 as soon as 之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当 hardly, scarcely, rarely 和 no sooner 位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。 3No sooner had I gone to bed th

11、an I went to sleep.No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由 by the time 引导的时间状语

12、从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。如:By the time you came back, I had finished this book. 到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由 each time, every time 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句。Each time he

13、came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。8.由 once 引导的时间状语从句Once you see him, you will never forget him.考题:I havent heard from hi

14、m _ he went to America . A. once B. when C. as D. since 二、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是 because, since, as , now that(既然)等。1. because 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后, because 表示直接原因, 语气最强, 最适合回答 why 引导的疑问句。例如: I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。注意: “not . because”结构中的 not 否定的是 because 引导的整个从句, 例如:The c

15、ountry is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。2. since 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”), 较为正式,语气比 because 弱。例如: Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息, 你最好帮我补习数学。 now that 与 since 引导的原因状语从句意思相近, 都表示“既然” 。例如: Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 4既然你长大了, 就不应该依靠你的父母了。3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因” , 语气比 since 弱, 较为正式, 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前

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