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1、What Internet Habits Say about Mental Health_环球科学 - - 科学美国人中文版（独家授权）上网习惯揭示心理健康Researchers find clues to depression in what people do onlineConsider two questions. First: Who are you? What makes you different from your peers, in terms of the things you buy, the clothes you wear, and the car you driv
2、e (or refuse to)? What makes you unique in terms of your basic psychological make-upthe part of you that makes you do the things you do, say the things you say, and feel the things you feel? And the second question: How do you use the internet?研究者们在人们的上网方式上发现抑郁症的迹象。先回答两个问题。第一：你是谁？什么让你与同龄人不一样是你买的东西，你
3、的 穿着还是你开的车（或者不愿意开的车）？在心理层面上什么让你与众不同你为何做 你所做，说你所说，以及感你所感？第二个问题：你如何使用网络？Although these questions may seem unrelated, theyre not. Clearly the content of your internet usage can suggest certain psychological characteristics. Spending a lot of late nights playing high stakes internet poker? Chances are y
4、ou are a risk taker. Like to post videos of yourself doing karaoke on YouTube? Clearly an extravert. But what about the mechanics of your internet usagehow often you email others, chat online, stream media, or multi-task (switch from one application or website to another)? Can these behaviorsregardl
5、ess of their contentalso predict psychological characteristics? Recent research conducted by a team of computer scientists, engineers, and psychologists suggests that it might. Indeed, their data show that such analysis could predict a particularly important aspect of the self: the tendency to exper
6、ience depression.尽管这些问题看似无所关联，但是它们之间是存在联系的。你对于网络的使用可以反 映出你的心理特点。经常熬夜上网打高赌注扑克？你有可能爱好冒险。喜欢往 Youtube 上 传自己唱卡拉 ok 的视频？你显然很外向。还有你在做某件事的频率比如发邮件，聊天， 看视频或是在应用软件（或网站）之间换来换去。这些行为先抛开具体内容不谈 是否也可以同样预示你的心理特点？最近一项由计算机科学家，计算机工程师以及心理学 家共同完成的研究表明以上所说皆有可能。事实上，他们的数据显示这种基于网络的分析 可以预示关于自我的一个重要特征： 抑郁症的趋势。First, the researc
7、h team asked over 200 volunteers to fill out a survey about “recent affective experiences;” what the volunteers didnt know was that a well-known measure of depression the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scalewas embedded within this survey. The researchers then correlated score
8、s on the hidden depression scale with individual trends in internet usage, grouped into three categories: “aggregate,” which indicated how much information was being sent and received over a network, “application,” which indicated the broad category of program that was being used (e.g., email, surfi
9、ng the web, downloading media), and “entropy,” which indicated the degree of randomness in information flow (essentially, the extent to which someone was sending and receiving information to multiple net-based resources at once).首先，这个研究小组要求 200 多个志愿者填写关于“最近情感经历”的调查表。但志 愿者们却不知道流行病调查中心抑郁量表（众所周知测量抑郁的手段
10、）也被嵌入了这项调 查里。之后，研究员将抑郁量表的结果与网络使用的趋势进行比对，并将结果分为 3 类： “信息集合” ，表示网络里信息的发出和接受量；“应用” ，表示程序的主要类别（比如： 邮件，上网，下载）以及“信息熵” ，表示信息流的随机性程度（特别是同时从多个网络资 源发送和接受信息的程度）Again, researchers didnt know what people were looking at on the internet (for example, depression support groupsa dead giveaway), but merely how they
11、were using the internet. None of the data categories gave specific information about what websites people were visiting, the content of their emails or chats, or the types of files being downloadedthey simply indicated the extent to which people used different broad categories of net-based resources
12、, as well as differences in peoples tendency to use many resources at once.再次声明，研究者们不知道人们在网上看到的内容（比如，抑郁症支持群体秘密 彻底的泄露） ，他们只知道人们使用网络的方法。所有数据都不包括网站的详细信息，电子 邮件或聊天的内容，还有下载文件的方式他们只是研究人们使用不同网络资源的程度 以及在同时使用很多资源时人们之间的区别。It turns out that very specific patterns of internet use are reliably related to depressi
13、ve tendencies. For example, peer-to-peer file sharing, heavy emailing and chatting online, and a tendency to quickly switch between multiple websites and other online resources all predict a greater propensity to experience symptoms of depression. Although the exact reasons that these behaviors pred
14、ict depression is unknown, each behavior corresponds with previous research on depression. Quickly switching between websites may reflect anhedonia (a decreased ability to experience emotions), as people desperately seek for emotional stimulation. Similarly, excessive emailing and chatting may signi
15、fy a relative lack of strong face-to-face relationships, as people strive to maintain contact either with faraway friends or new people met online.结果显示使用网络的方法与抑郁症趋势间确实存在着联系。比如，同伴间的文件传输， 经常性的电邮往来和在线聊天，以及在不同网络资源和网站之间不停地转换这些在很 大程度上都是抑郁症表现。尽管这些行为为何会与抑郁症挂钩还尚未弄清，但是每个行为 都与过去抑郁症的研究相一致。快速在网站间转换是“快感缺乏” （情感的体验
16、力下降）的 表现，这时人们会急不可耐地寻求情感刺激。同样的，过度的邮件交流和网络聊天则表明 相对缺乏面对面交流的人际关系，人们此时会不停地与远方的朋友或新网友聊天。These data are particularly important for several reasons. Depression is both preva1ent and dangerous. Recent estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that around 10 percent of adults in the United States currently suffer from clinical depression depression that consists of symptoms such as disruptions in ea
