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1、1主主语语从句从句复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有连词、连接代词、连接副词。复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有连词、连接代词、连接副词。 从属连词：从属连词：thatthat，whetherwhether。 连接代词：连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,whoever,what,whatever,whicheverwho,whom,whose,which,whoever,what,whatever,whichever。 连接副词：连接副词：where,how,why,whenwhere,how,why,when。一、连接词的选用一、连接词的选用
2、 1.1. 由由 whatwhat 和和 thatthat 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 whatwhat 和和 thatthat 都可引导主语从句。都可引导主语从句。whatwhat 除起连接作用除起连接作用 外外, ,还在主语从句中充当某些成分还在主语从句中充当某些成分( (主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语) )。而。而 thatthat 在主语从句中不充当任何在主语从句中不充当任何 成分成分, ,只起连接词的作用。只起连接词的作用。例如:What he wants is a new bicycle. 2.2. 由由 whetherwhether 引导的主语从句含有引导的主语从句含有“ “
3、是否是否“ “意思的主语从句意思的主语从句, ,连接词不能用连接词不能用 if,if,只能用只能用 whetherwhether。例如。例如: :Whether we will hold a party in the open air next week is uncertain. 3.3. 由其他连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句由其他连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句 who,who, which,which, when,when, where,where, why,why, howhow 等连等连 接代词和连接副词既有疑问含义接代词和连接副词既有疑问含义, ,又起连接作用又起连接作用, ,同
4、时在从句中充当各种成分。例如同时在从句中充当各种成分。例如: :Who she is doesnt concern me. Where I spend my summer holiday is no business of yours. Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 4.4. whateverwhatever / / whoeverwhoever 的用法（的用法（ever=noever=no mattermatter -让步状语从句中）让步状语从句中）whatever / whoever 可以引导主语从句,并在句中作
5、主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意 义。whatever 相当于 anything that; whoever 相当于 anyone who。例如:Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. Whoever（No matter who）wants to enter into this school, he must take the exam. 二、形式主语二、形式主语 itit 构成的主语从句构成的主语从句 1.
6、1. 由连词由连词 thatthat 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句, ,在大多数情况下可以用形式主语在大多数情况下可以用形式主语 itit 代替代替, ,即将即将 itit 放在句放在句 首首, ,而将主语从句放在句末而将主语从句放在句末, ,以避免句子头重脚轻。例如以避免句子头重脚轻。例如: :It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是大家共有的经验。 需要注意的是,it 作形式主语时,要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别。试
7、比较:It was reported that no country was under the terrorist attack last year. As was reported, no country was under the terrorist attack last year. 句意句意: :据报道,去年没有国家遭到恐怖分子的袭击。 分析分析: :上述两个句子句意相同,但结构不同。前一个句子包括一个主语从句“that no country was under the terrorist attack last year“；后一个句子包括一个非限定性定 语从句“As was rep
8、orted“,其中 as 指代整个主句内容。 2.2. 由连接代词、连接副词和连词由连接代词、连接副词和连词 whetherwhether 引起的主语从句常可用先行词引起的主语从句常可用先行词 itit 作主语作主语, ,而把主而把主 语从句放到后面去。例如语从句放到后面去。例如: :2How many people we are to invite is still a question. It is still a question how many people we are to invite. 我们要邀请多少人还是一个问题。When we arrive doesnt matter.
9、It doesnt matter when we arrive. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 这对我们有害还是有利还得看一看。 3.3. 常见用常见用 itit 作形式主语的复合句结构作形式主语的复合句结构 It is a fact (a pity / no wonder / a good idea / a shame .)that .例如: Its a pity that you didnt co
10、me to my birthday party. 你没有来参加我的生日派 对真是太遗憾了。It is important(necessary / advisable / desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible .)that .需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为 “(should)动词原形“,即要用虚拟语气。例如: It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay. 几个护士留在这儿是很有必 要的。 It is imperative that everyone (should
11、) learn from practice. 每个人都应该从 实践中学习。It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided / suggested / ordered .)that .例如: It is said that many people was killed in the earthquake. 据说很多人在这次 地震中丧生了。 It seems(appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / .)that .例如: I
12、t makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会 参加会议都无关紧要。三、主语从句中的否定前移三、主语从句中的否定前移当用 it 作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。 例如:It doesnt seem that they are from the same university. It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 3练习题练习题1._ makes mistakes must correct th
13、em. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known 4. _ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes
14、late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _. A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expected C. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected 6._ we go swimming every day _
15、us a lot of good. A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does 7.It _ Bob drives badly. A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 8.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how 9._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry. A. That
16、B. What C. How D. Which 10._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 11._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 12._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 13._is g
