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1、4定语定语 a.定义定义：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词品质与特性的词或短语，汉语中常用“的” 表示，常由形容词充当、也可由名词、代词、数词、副词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语、 句子、或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。 eg.(1) Lucy is a beautiful girl.(形容词 beautiful 作定语修饰 girl) (2) The little boy needs a blue pen.（little 修饰 boy，blue 修饰 pen） (3) Five boys are playing basketball.(数词 five 作定语修饰 boy) (4)His name
2、is Tom.(代词 his 修饰 name) (5)The boy in blue is Jack (6)It is a ball pen. (7)The man there is my father. (8)There is nothing to do today. (9)The smiling boy Is my brother. (10)There are five boys left. (11)The boy who is reading is my classmate. .Exercises指出下列句子中的定语，并说出充当定语的词性。(1)The little dog is pla
3、ying with a blue ball. (2)The two boys needs four pens. (3)His son needs Toms book. (4)The boy in the classroom has a photo of yours. (5)The boy to write this letter is Tom, (6)The coat bought by her made in China. (7)There are five boys who will play the game.b.通过分析以上例句，总结定语在句中的位置有几种情况： 前置定语： 后置定语：
4、 前置定语顺序：当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时要注意其次序： 限定词（一般指数量） 、外观、形状、年龄、颜色、国籍、材料、用途 eg.(1) An interesting little red French oil painting.(2)A kindly old man. Exercises把下列汉语句子译成英语句子。（1）一个可爱的小黄狗。 （2）三把黑色的中国木制椅子。 （3）五辆日产的大红车。后置定语 eg.(1)He gave me a basket full of eggs.（-作定语）(2)She is the girl who want to see you .（-作定语）由
5、some 、any、every、no 等构成的不定代词（something nobody anything somewhere）的定语要后置。 eg.(1) Lets go somewhere quiet.(2)There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 常用的 something bad /beautiful somebody else no one else 表地点、方位、时间的副词作定语时要后置。（1）The people here /there are very friendly. （2）They lived in the room
6、above. （3）Do you know the man downstairs. （4）The life tomorrow will be more comfortable. 在数词+名词+形容词（old/long/wide/high/tall/deep 等）结构中，形容词后置。（1） Her son is twelve years old. （2） The well is twenty meters deep. 形容词短语作定语要后置。 （1） Italian is a language very difficult to learn. （2） He has a garden much l
7、arger than yours. 5.状语状语 1.定义定义：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的成分。 功能：用来表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式、比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随 等；主要由副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词、连词、句子充当。 2.(1) 时间状语 eg.I often get up at six oclock in the morning.(介词短语作状语) Hearing the news, they felt very happy.（分词作状语） (2)地点状语 eg.Pandas only live in China.She is playing under the t
8、hree. (3)程度状语 eg.I have quite a lot of work to do. (4)目的状语 eg.We will go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.He took a pen to write something. (5)方式状语 eg.We usually go to school on foot.(/by bus )Please do it as I told you (6)让步状语（虽然、尽管、即使、无论）eg.Though she has a lot of money ,she is unhappy. No ma
9、tter what happens, I will never lose heart.(7)条件状语(如果)eg.If you dont study hard ,you dont pass the exam.If you can come here tomorrow ,Ill be very happy.Given more attention ,the flowers would have grown better .(8)比较状语(谁比谁谁不如谁)eg.Your watch is not the same as mine.Mike is as tall as Jack.(9)原因状语（由于
10、、因为）eg.We didnt go to the park because of the bad weather.Im glad to meet you.Being ill, he didnt go to school. (10)结果状语（结果因此）eg.The dog is so cute that all of us like it.He left early, so that he caught the train. （11）伴随状语（一个动作随着另一个动作而发生）eg.The teacher came in ,with a book under his arm. The thief
11、is running in the street , followed by a policeman. Exercises 找出下列句子中状语，并说出充当状语词的词性。（1）The meeting will be held in the meeting room. （2）We cant go out because it rains. （3）He studies hard to learn English well. （4）If it rains today, I wont go. （5）He goes to school by bike. （6）Though he is young, can
12、 do it well. （7）He left ,with a letter on the desk. （8）Walk until you see a bridge. （9）He is not as clever as you. 6.补语补语 即补充说明的语言（主语补足语和宾语补足语） 宾语补足语宾语补足语 1.定义定义：用来补充、说明宾语，起补充、说明宾语状况作用的成分。 可由名词、动词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。（1）Please call me Jack (me 是宾语，Jack 为一个补足语，补充说明 Jack 这个名字) （2）They made the girl cry.(g
13、irl 是宾语，cry 为补语，来说明这个女孩儿的状态)（3）Tom found the test quite easy. （4）I have a lot of work to do . （5）I had my watch stolen yesterday. （6）He had his finger cut. （7）I have the car waiting. （8）I found him sleeping on the grass. 后面跟名词作宾补的动词：call name think make choose 等。当感官动词（feel see hear notice watch obse
14、rve ） 和使役动词（make have let ）接宾补时，不定式 to 的符号 必须省略。 （在 help 后，不定式可以带 to 也可不带 to。 ） Exercises 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语，并说指出由什么词性充当宾语补足语。（1）You must keep it clean. （2）You should have your hair cut.（3）The teacher speaks louder to make herself heard. （4）The glass was found broken. （5）She has a lot of clothes to wear.
15、 （6）Rain makes plants grow. （7）I have a dog and I name it YoYo. 7.表语表语 定义：定义：用来表示主语的身份或特征、状态、性质、品性的成分。常由名词、代词、副词、 介词短语、不定式、分词、从句充当。常位于联系动词之后构成系表结构。联系动词虽然 有意义但不完整，必需加上名词、形容词、代词等来补充其意义，eg .I am student .(am 是 联系动词 本身有意义，但是只说 I am 句子不完整，需加 student 构成 I am student.才完整) 联系动词联系动词 （1）表状态持续的联系动词表状态持续的联系动词 b
16、e seem look feel sound taste keep remain stay stand lie appear smell （2）从一种状态变为另一种状态的联系动词从一种状态变为另一种状态的联系动词 go come get turn grow 1)They are brothers. 2)What I want to say is this . 3)The poor boy was myself. 4)My hobby is swimming. 5)The door remained open. 6)The flowers smell sweet. 7)Eggs can go bad easily in summer. 8)The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 9)His job is teaching English. 10) The patient is out of danger. 11) My
