《进行时ing档》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《进行时ing档(7页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1、-ing 分词的构成分词的构成-ing 分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成。-ing 分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以 do 为例):一般式 完成式主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done-ing 分词的否定形式是由 not 加-ing 分词构成。如:Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。His not coming made all of us a
2、ngry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。2. -ing 分词的一般式和完成式:分词的一般式和完成式:-ing 分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如:Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。3. -ing 分词的被动式:分词的被动式:-ing 分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-i
3、ng 分词动作的承受者。根据-ing 分词动作发生的时间,-ing 分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done) 。如:The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。注意:在 need, want, require, be worth 等动词(短语)后,作宾语的-ing 分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:Your shoes
4、 need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。4. -ing 分词的语法作用分词的语法作用-ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。1)ing 分词(短语)作主语:分词(短语)作主语:Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。Saying is easier than doing. 说比
5、做容易。在下面两种结构中,-ing 分词也作主语。为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。Its a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。在 There is no 结构中,通常用-ing 分词。如:There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。2) -ing 分词(短
6、语)作表语:分词(短语)作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。3) -ing 分词作宾语:分词作宾语:ing 分词作动词宾语。如:I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。We enjoy attending Miss Lis class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。-ing 分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用 it 作形式宾语。如:I dont think it possible liv
7、ing in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗?-ing 分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。如:Im against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。They dont feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。此类短语还有很多。如:look forward to(渴望,盼望) , be proud of(以自豪) , be responsible for(对负责)
8、, insist on(坚持) , think of(考虑,想到) , dream of(梦想) , object to(反对,抗议) , hear of(听说) , preventfrom(防止,阻止) , keepfrom(防止,阻止) , stopfrom(防止,阻止) , be engaged in(从事于) , depend on(依靠,依赖) , thankfor(因而道谢) , excusefor(因而道歉) , aim at(目的在于) , devoteto(献身于) , set about(着手做) , be/get used to(习惯于) , be fond of(喜欢)
9、 , be afraid of(害怕) , be tired of(对厌烦) , succeed in(成功地做) , be interested in(对感兴趣) , be ashamed of(对感到羞愧)等等。注意:注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。如:I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。What can prevent us (from) getti
10、ng married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚?另外,-ing 分词可以和一些介词如 in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides 等构成短语,在句中作状语。如:He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子。On hearing the news, all the pupils jump
11、ed with joy. 听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。4) -ing 分词作定语:分词作定语:单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室-ing 分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。如:Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁?They lived in a house facing so
12、uth. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。ing 分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.歌词一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的。When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。5) -ing 分词做状语:分词做状语:-in
13、g 分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。-ing 分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词 when, while 引出。如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。-ing 分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to
14、him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。ing 分词短语作结果状语。如:His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。-ing 分词作伴随状语,可以放在句
15、子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。-ing 分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿
16、损失。注:注:-ing 分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing 分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如:His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。例:例:The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have causedC. to caused