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1、第十六章 间接引语 我们平时总会遇到转述他人谈话的时候，这时就需要使用间接引语来完成任务了。 一、直接引语 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号；间接引语就是用自 己的话转述 别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成，不加引号而多用连词 that 引导宾语从句 。 直接引语变为间接引语需要有人称和物主代词的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化以及 时 间和地点状语的变化。 1 人称的变化 主语为第一人称时，转变为间接引语之后，人称要作相应的调整。例如： She said：“I am tired.” 她说：“我累了。 ” She said that she was tired. 她说她累了。
2、 The headmaster said to us：“You must study hard now.” 校长说：“你们现在一定要努力学习。 ” The headmaster told us that we had to study hard then. 校长告诉我们，我们那时必须努力学习。 2 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律一般是： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
3、She said：“I am your mothers friend.” 她说：“我是你妈妈的朋友。 ” She said that she was my mothers friend. 她说她是我妈妈的朋友。(一般现在时变为一般过去时) Susan said to her mother：“I am reading this book.” 苏姗对她妈妈说：“我正在看这本书。 ” Susan told her mother that she was reading that book. 苏姗告诉她母亲她正在看那本书。 (现在进行时变为过去进行时) He said：“We have built u
4、p the bridge across the river here.” 他说：“我们已经在这里建成了横跨这条河的大桥。 ” He said that they had built up that bridge across the river there . 他说他们已经在那里建成了横跨那条河上的大桥。 (现在完成时变为过去完成时) She said：“I saw your wife yesterday.” 她说：“我昨天见到你妻子了。 ”She said that she had seen my wife the day before. 她说她昨天(前一天)看见了我的妻子。 (一般过去时变
5、为过去完成时) Lily said：“I had already finished my homework before school was over t oday.” 莉莉说：“我今天放学以前就把功课做完了。 Lily said that she had already finished her homework before school was over that day. 莉莉说她那天在放学以前就把功课做完了。 (过去完成时时态不变)。 His father said：“Ill tell you a funny story.” 他爸爸说：“我要给你讲一个有意思的故事。 ” His f
6、ather said that he would tell him a funny story. 他爸爸说要给他讲一个有意思的故事。 (一般将来时变为过去将来时) Susan said：“Ill be waiting for you at my home.” 苏姗说：“我将在家里等你。 ” Susan said that she would be waiting for me at her home. 苏姗说她将在她的家里等我。 (将来进行时变为过去将来进行时) The teacher said：“We shall have finished the whole textbook by the
7、 end of this term.” 老师说：“到本学期期末，我们要讲完这一册书的全部内容。 ” The teacher said that they would have finished the whole textbook by the end of that term. 老师说他们到那一学期期末要讲完这本书。 (将来完成时变为过去将来完成时) 注意：直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。 The teacher said：“All the planets move round the sun.” 老师说：“所有的行星都是围绕太阳运转的。 ” The teacher
8、said that all the planets move round the sun. 老师说所有的行星都是围绕太阳运转的。 The scholar said：“The whole world is made up of matter.” 这位学者说：“整个世界都是由物质构成的。 ” The scholar said that the whole world is made up of matter. 那位学者说整个世界都是由物质构成的。 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体的过去时间状语连用时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。She said：“I went to England in 1998.”
9、 她说：“我一九九八年去了英国。 ” She said that she went to England in 1998. 她说她一九九八年去了英国。 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语的时态不变。 He says：“I bought you something nice yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天给你买了件好东西。 He says that he bought me something nice yesterday. 他说他昨天给我买了件好东西。 3 指示代词以及时间和地点状语的变化直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this that these those 时间状语 no
10、w then today that day tonight that night this week (year, term) that week (year, term) yesterday the day before last week (year, term) the week (year, term) before two years ago two years before tomorrow the next (following) day next week(year, term) the next (year, term) 地点状语 here there 动 词 come go
11、 bring take She said：“These exercises are easy.” 她说：“这些习题很简单。 ” She said that those exercises were easy. 她说那些习题很简单。 The secretary said：“I havent received the letter today.” 秘书说：“我今天没有收到这封信。 ” The secretary said that she hadnt received the letter that day . 秘书说她那天没有收到那封信。 Lily said：“Ill do it tomorro
12、w.” 莉莉说：“我明天做这件事。 ” Lily said that she would do it the next (following) day. 莉莉说她要转天(第二天)去做这件事。 二、间接引语 疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要注意加连词 if 或 whether。其主句动词常用 ask , wonder, want to know (didnt know.), inquire 等。句尾不用问号。 1 一般问句，选择问句或反意问句 这些句子的间接引语，必须用连词 if 或 whether 引导。 She asked me：“Are you Mr.Li?” She asked
13、me if I was Mr.Li. 她问我是否是李先生。 He saked us：“Do you want to go on a picnic?” He asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic. 他问我们是否要去野餐。 “You have visited the Palace Museum, havent you ?” she asked. She asked whether (if) I had visited the Palace Museum. 她问我是否去过故宫。 “Do you want tea or coffee?” He asked. H
14、e asked if I wanted tea or coffee. 他问我是要茶还是要咖啡。直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语，去掉引号加 if,陈述语序要记住；时态，人称和状 语，小心变化别马虎。 2 特殊问句的间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导 “Where do you go in the summer vocation?” Jack inquired. Jack inquired where I went in the summer vocation. 杰克问我暑假去哪了。 “How much have we spent on petrol this year?” Susan asked h
15、er husband. Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. 苏姗问她丈夫那一年在汽油上花了多少钱。 “Who were you looking for in the street yesterday?” she asked me. She asked me who I was looking for in the street the day before. 她问我昨天在街上找谁。 3 祈使句变为间接引语 祈使句变为间接引语，要用不定式表示，使其成为“ask (tell, order) sb. to do sth.”的句型。 He said to her：“Dont take the book away.” He asked her not to take the book away. 他让她不要把那本书拿走。 “Take me up to the 15th floor.” she said to the woman. She told the woman to take her up to the 15th floor. 她告诉那女士电梯会把她送到第十五层。 注意：带有 if 的祈使句变成间接引语： “Take a taxi to your sch
