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1、自然保护区生态补偿机制研究自然保护区生态补偿机制研究以西藏拉鲁湿地国以西藏拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区为例家级自然保护区为例硕士学位论文 THESIS OF MASTER DEGREE 论文题目:自然保护区生态补偿机制研究 ?以西藏拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区为例 (英文): Analysis on Ecosystem Compensation of Nature Reserve?A Case Study of Lalu wetland Nature Reserve in thibet 作 者:杨晓月指导教师:刘子刚讲师 2009 年 5 月 12 日 论文题目:(中文)U 自然保护区生态补偿机制研究
2、 U?以西藏拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区为例U (外文)UAnalysis on Ecosystem Compensation of Nature ReserveU?A Case Study of Lalu wetland Nature Reserve in thibet所在院、系、所 :U 环境学院专 专 业 、 名 、 称 : U 自然资源管理U 指专导专教专师姓专名、职专称 :U 刘子刚 讲师论文主题词:U 自然保护区;生态补偿;拉鲁;湿地学专习专期专限 :U 2007 年 9 月至 2009 年 6 月论文提交时间:U2009 年 5 月 独 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是我个
3、人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果,也不包含为获得中国人民大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。签名:U 杨晓月 U 日期:U 2009-5-12 关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解中国人民大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。 签名: U 杨晓月 U 导师签名: U 刘子刚 U 日
4、期: U 2009-5-12U 摘要 生态环境是人类生存和发展的基本条件,是经济社会发展的基础,生态环境是否健康稳定严重影响着经济社会能否健康持续地发展,全球生态环境问题已经是国际社会普遍关注的重大问题。建立自然保护区是保护生态环境昀重要的措施。中国自然保护区与贫困人口的分布具有明显的相关性和重叠性,主要都分布在农村地区,特别是西部偏远的山区和少数民族地区。贫困人口对自然资源的依赖性很强,特别是土地资源和生物资源。在保护区建立之前,当地居民可以在区域内进行耕作、采集、狩猎、捕捞、养殖、挖砂、采矿等活动维持生计和谋求发展,而保护区的建立限制了其对区域内自然资源的利用,核心区的居民需要迁出,区内及
5、周边居民种植的作物和养殖的畜禽可能受到野生动物的破坏和袭击,造成较大的经济损失。而目前自然保护区多采取封闭式的管理方式,没有充分考虑到当地社区经济发展和当地居民的合理利益,使得保护区和当地社区的矛盾日益尖锐。自然保护区管理存在的政策、制度方面的缺陷,不仅使自然保护区与当地社区产生了较大的矛盾,而且使自然保护事业陷入了举步维艰的地步,存在着经费短缺,管理人员数量少,素质低,科研设备稀缺等诸多问题和困难。通过生态补偿政策的措施,有助于解决我国自然保护区资金短缺的难题,理顺和拓宽自然保护区投入渠道,降低周边社区对自然保护区的压力,缓解周边社区和自然保护区的矛盾。 本文在大量文献研究的基础上,介绍了我
6、国生态补偿的概念发展、理论基础和国内外自然保护区生态补偿的研究与实践状况;提出了生态补偿的政策框架,分析了生态补偿的原则、主体与对象、补偿方式和补偿标准的确定,以及保障生态补偿政策有效实施的措施,为进一步开展自然保护区生态补偿研究和建立生态补偿机制提供参考。昀后,以拉鲁湿 地国家级自然保护区为例,进行了自然保护区生态补偿的案例分析,研究拉鲁湿地自然保护区生态补偿机制的构建和完善,为拉鲁自然保护区的可持续管理提供有力的保障机制。关键词:自然保护区;生态补偿;拉鲁;湿地i Abstract The ecological environment is the basic condition of h
7、umans existence and development as well as the basis of development and economic and social. Whether the ecological environment is healthy and stable seriously impacts on the sustainable development of economic and society, and global ecological environment problems have become major issues of the c
8、ommon concern in the international communityThe establishment of nature reserves is the most important measure to protect the ecological environment. Chinas nature reserves have obvious relevance and overlap with the distribution of poverty-stricken population, which are primarily in rural areas, pa
9、rticularly in the western mountainous areas and remote ethnic minority areas. Poor people heavily depend on natural resources, especially on the land resources and biological resources. Before the establishment of protected areas, local residents in the region can carry out farming, gathering, hunti
10、ng, fishing, aquaculture, mining and other activities to maintain livelihoods and development, however the establishment of protected areas restricts the use of natural resources in the region, and residents in the core area need to move out of the region while the cultivation of crops and the lives
11、tock and poultry of the surrounding residents may be destructed and attacked by wild animals, thus resulting in greater economic losses. It mainly adopts closed-end management in nature reserves currently, without fully considering of the economic development of local communities and the legitimate
12、interests of local residents, which causes increasingly severe conflictions between the protected areas and local communities. The policy and system deficiencies in the nature reserve management not only cause great contradictions between nature reserves and local communities, but also put nature co
13、nservation in a very difficult stage. There are many problems and difficulties such as shortage of funds, scarce and low-quality managers, lack of scientific equipment etc. The adoption of eco-compensation policy measures can help solve the problem of funds shortage in the nature reserves, rationali
14、ze and expand the input channels, reduce the pressure that surrounding communities exert on the reserves, and ease the contradiction between surrounding communities and nature reservesii On the basis of plenteous literature researches and investigations, the author analyzes the concept development o
15、f ecological compensation, theoretical basis, and the research and practice of nature reserves ecological compensation at home and abroadIn this paper, it puts forward the framework for eco-compensation policy, analyzes the principle of ecological compensation, the main subjects and objects as well
16、as the identification standards of compensation and compensation, and meanwhile proposes the safeguards to enable the effective implementation of ecological compensation policies, thereby providing a reference to the further research of ecological compensation and establishment of compensation mechanism. The paper is ended with the explanation of Lalu Wetland National Nature Reserve, which acts as an example in the ecological compensation analysis. By researching on the constru
