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1、12014 步步升教育暑假班新高三学案步步升教育暑假班新高三学案-M5 U5Grammar-省略句讲解省略句讲解 为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况： Read the sentences below. (It) Looks like rain. Hi. (It is) Nice to see you again. (Have you) Forgotten my name? (You can ) Just call me Peter. Im a doctor and my wife (is) a teacher. Im not as strong as I wa
2、s (strong). What a beautiful umbrella (it is)! They are sentences with ellipsis. Now find some sentences with ellipsis in the text. Ellipsis is the omission of some words for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion. What is ellipsis? Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there a
3、re other times when (the illness or injury is serious and ) giving first aid quickly can save lives. Burns are called first (degree burns), second (degree burns) or third degree burns These affect both the top (layer of the skin) and the second layer of the skin. 一）简单句中的省略 1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限
4、于少数现成的说法。 e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同） (I) See you tomorrow. (It) Doesnt matter. 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。 e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong?Why (do you) not say hello to him? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留 to。e.g. - Are you going there?- Id like to (go there). He did not give me th
5、e chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (动词:want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, decide,prefer, mean, intend, plan, refuse等动词宾语。 tell, ask, want, expect, warn等动词的宾补。 形容词： glad, happy, pleased, delighted, 短语：be going to, be about to, be able to, have to, used to, ought
6、 to, ) 注意：如果该宾语是 be 动词或完成时态，则须在 to 之后加上 be 或 have。 e.g. - Are you an engineer? - No, but I want to be. - He hasnt finished the task yet. - Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语。e.g. - Are you thirsty?- Yes, I am (thirsty). 5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g. What a wonderful film (it is)! (Its) Simply impossible! 6、介词的省略：e
7、.g. The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his house. 一些固定词组： have a hard time (in) doing sth. waste time (in) doing sth., spend (in) doing sth. prevent/stop(from), be busy (in) doing, be engaged (in) doing, theres no use (in) doing, He failed (in) the game.The war lasted (for) four years. （但在句
8、首和与 walk 等连用不可） Come and see me (at) any time you like. (in, on, at, by) He stayed (at) home all day. He walked (for ) three li. (表示距离的状语中) （In) This way you will succeed. 7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。 e.g. At her sisters (house), she spent a pleasant weekend. 8、 连词的省略：not only b
9、ut (also), whether (or not), so (that) 9、情态动词 should 的省略 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise,demand, require, request, ask. Its necessary/important/impossible/strange/ natural/a pity 10、同时省略几个成分。e.g. Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. - Have you finished your work? - (I
10、have) Not (finished my work) yet. 二）并列句中的省略,两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 三）主从复合句中的省略 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 e.g. (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good cha
11、nce. 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用 so 或 not（切不可用 it 或 that）代替。 e.g. - Is he coming back tonight?- I think so. - Is he feeling better today?- Im afraid not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及 I suppose not. I believed not. I imagine not. I expect not. I hope not. I guess not 等。 （但 I do
12、nt think so 比 I think not 更常用） 。 四）其它省略 1、连词 that 的省略：、宾语从句中常省略连词 that，但也有不能省略的情况 be+某些形容词( afraid, sure, sorry, certain, glad)；两个(或两个以上）宾语从句并列时； He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 、在定语从句中，that 在从句中作宾语/表语/There be 结构的主语时可省略。Im not the man (that) I was when you knew me fir
13、st. This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.This is the best way (that) we should choose. I dont like the way (that)/in which he talks to his parents. 、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词 that 一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。 What they want to do is (that) they go to play basketball. 2、不定式符号 to 的省略、并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。2e.
14、g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter. 、当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词 do 及各种形式，则不定式可省略。 What he wants to do is (to) go home. 、某些使役动词（如 let, make, have）及感官动词（如 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at 和 listen to 等）后面作宾 语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to，但在
15、被动语态中须把 to 加上。 e.g. - I saw the boy fall from the tree. - The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 、介词 but/except/besides 前若有动词 do，后面的不定式不带 to。e.g. The boy did nothing but play. 3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语(或 it)与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语 + be”部分或从句的主语 it。 Look out for cars when crossing the street.Fill in the blanks with
16、articles where necessary. She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.在比较状语从句中，than 或 as 后面的部分可省略。 Tom plays football as well as, if not better than, Jack.(=Tom plays football as well as Jack does, if he doesnt play better than Jack does.) We should think more of our class than of ourselves. 4、连词 if 在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有
