《α-淀粉水平及不同淀粉类型对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼摄食生长和能量收支的影响》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《α-淀粉水平及不同淀粉类型对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼摄食生长和能量收支的影响（64页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、河北师范大学硕士学位论文-淀粉水平及不同淀粉类型对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼摄食生长和能量 收支的影响姓名：郭文英申请学位级别：硕士专业：动物学指导教师：安瑞永20100405III摘 要 为节约饲料蛋白资源，减少鱼粉的用量，降低鲟鱼饲料的成本，本实验配制了 -淀粉不同添加水平(9%、13%、17%、21%、25%)的鲟鱼配合饲料，并选择了 3 种不同淀粉类型（-淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉）添加的配合饲料，通过养殖生长实验和生化分析实验， 利用营养和能量生态学方法研究了 -淀粉不同水平及不同淀粉类型对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)幼鱼摄食生长、 身体营养组成、 营养物质消化率及能量收支的影响。
2、主要结果和结论如下: 1. -淀粉水平对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼的摄食率没有显著影响。但对相对增重率和特定生长率有显著影响。其中以 21%-25%添加组的西伯利亚鲟的相对增重率和特定生长率最大。说明饲料中 -淀粉的含量对鲟鱼的生长影响较为显著。 2. -淀粉水平对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼的饵料系数、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率均无显著影响。但随着 -淀粉添加量的增加，饲料转化率和饲料蛋白效率升高，且 25%的处理组最高，而 25%添加组的饵料系数最低。说明适当添加饲料中的 -淀粉水平，可以相对的提高蛋白质效率。 3. 不同 -淀粉添加下鱼体蛋白积累没有显著差异；空壳粗蛋白含量随着 -淀粉含量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势
3、；而鱼体脂肪含量与能量有着相同的趋势，均随着饲料 -淀粉含量的增加逐渐升高。说明饲料中较高的淀粉含量转化成了脂肪和能量，从而促进了鱼体脂肪的积累。 4. -淀粉含量变化显著影响了西伯利亚鲟幼鱼对饲料蛋白质和碳水化合物的消化率，17%-21%添加组的蛋白质和碳水化合物的消化率明显高于添加量过高或过低组。 5. 各处理组的饲料脂肪消化率无显著差异，但 21%添加组最高。对粗灰分的消化率在各组间差异显著，其中 17%的添加组最高。说明过高或过低的 -淀粉水平会抑制矿物质的吸收。 6. 能量收支结果表明， 25%的-淀粉添加组的能量生长效率最高(40.31%)， 但与21%添加组的能量生长效率无显著差
4、异。17%与 21%添加组的粪能占摄入能比例较低于其他组。随着 -淀粉含量的增加，代谢能占摄入能的比例呈先上升后降低的趋势，以 25%添加组最低。 7. 综合考虑，西伯利亚鲟幼鱼饲料中添加 21%左右的 -淀粉对幼鲟的生长、消化IV率及鱼体蛋白积累有显著的促进作用，建议可作为鲟鱼饲料的最适添加量。 8. 在 17%的淀粉添加水平下，分别添加三种不同淀粉的饲料对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼的摄食率和相对增重率及特定生长率均无显著影响；对各营养物质消化率也无显著影响；对鱼体蛋白质积累和能量收支的影响也不显著。但鉴于 -淀粉的价格很高，玉米淀粉的粘合性较差，所以建议鲟鱼饲料生产中采用小麦淀粉为宜，既能确保饲料的质
5、量，又能显著降低饲料成本。 关键词：-淀粉（-starch） 淀粉类型 西伯利亚鲟（Acipenser baeri） 摄食生长 消化率 能量收支 VAbstract In order to save the feed protein resources, reduce the consumption of fishmeal and decrease the price of feed of sturgeon, five experiment diets were formulated in different -starch levels (9%,13%,17%,21%,25%) and th
6、ree kinds of starch (-starch, wheat starch, corn starch) were added to feed of juvenile Acipenser baeri. In the present study, the growth experiment and the biochemistry analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of -starch and the other two types of starch on feed consumption, growth, diges
7、tibility of nutrition, body composition and energy budget in juvenile Acipenser baeri. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. Different -starch levels have a significant effects on the relative weight gain rate and specific growth rate authough no significant effects on the feeding rate
8、s of juvenile Acipenser baeri. The best result showed in the groups of 21%-25% -starch levels. It is illuminated that there is significant effect on the growth in the juvenile Acipenser baeri among different -starch levels. 2. Feed coefficient and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) as well as protein
9、efficiency ratio(PER) in juvenile Acipenser baeri are not significantly different among different -starch levels，however, FCE and PER increased with the increasing of -starch levels, and the group of 25% -starch level is the highest, but the feed coefficient treated with 25% -starch level is the low
10、est. the result showed that appropriately adding -starch can relatively improve protein efficiency. 3. There are no significant differences in protein accumulation of juvenile Acipenser baeri from different kinds of -starch levels. The crude protein content of shell showed the tendency of decreasing
11、 following the rising for the first with the increasing of -starch levels. Along with -starch level in the feed increasing, the lipid content of body composition and the energy of body in juvenile Acipenser baeri presented the tendency of gradually increasing. It is indicated that higher starch cont
12、ent in feed converted into fat and energy, promoting the accumulation of fat in the fish. 4. The content of -starch has significant effects on feed digestibility of protein and carbohydrate in juvenile Acipenser baeri, which were the significantly higher at groups with VI17%-21% levels than the othe
13、r groups. 5. There are no significant differences in fat digestibility of juvenile Acipenser baeri from each treatments, but the group treated with 21% -starch level has the highest fat digestibility. The -starch has significant effect on crude ash digestibility in juvenile Acipenser baeri among dif
14、ferent -starch levels, which was the highest at the accession proportion of 17% of a-starch. It is showed that too high or too low -starchlevel can inhibit the absorption of minerals. 6. The energy budget results indicated that the growth energy to energy intake in juvenile Acipenser baeri is the hi
15、ghest (40.31%) at 25% of -starch concentration, however, it is not significantly different with the treatment of 21% -starch level. The faecal energy to energy intake of the treatment with the accession proportion of -starch at 17% and 21% are lower than other treatments. The metabolizable energy to
16、 energy intake presented the tendency of decreasing after rising for the first with the increasing of -starch levels, 25% -starch level is the lowest. 7. In general, about 21% -starch level has significant effect on the growth performance, digestibility of the nutrition and body protein accumulation in juvenile Acipenser baeri. It is suggested that -starch of about 21% should be the optimal accession proportion in the feed. 8., There are no signifi
