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1、英语阅读理解专题指导猜测词义题英语阅读理解专题指导猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) Th
2、e word. could best be replaced by.来源:学 it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002 年NMET）A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests分析根据对比关系，这里 hassle 和
3、 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为 C。例 6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词 similarly 表明短语 loves to talk 和 loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出 loquacious 的意思是健谈的。2.根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。例 7.feel that since you are my superior , it woul
4、d be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（2005 年上海卷）The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet分析根据 since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里 presumptuous 的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉
5、你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。例 8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005 年江西卷）根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断 Pruning 的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、反义等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。例 9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingl
6、ed yarn（纱线），good and ill together. （2005 年江苏卷）The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy分析句中 good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn 的意义，据此我们不难推测 mingled 的意思是：混合的，交织的。例 10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answe
7、r is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004 年湖北卷）分析根据 and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。例 11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.分析根据与 insult 侮辱的同等关系猜测 defame 为
8、诋毁 ，中伤或诽谤例 12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.分析运用与 football 的同义关系推断为足球。例 13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.来源:学.科.网分析运用与 The house 近义关系可以推断 dwelling 与住所有关例 14.Most women in China -edu
9、cated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.分析后面的 urban and rural, the young and old 之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断 illiterated 为未接受过教育的，即文盲三是通过构词法在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1.根据前缀猜测词义例 15.Do you have
10、any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根 educational （教育的），结合前缀 co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational 的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005 年江西卷）2.根据后缀猜测词义例 16. Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point（20
11、05 年广东卷）后缀 -ise/ize 意思是使成为；使化，结合词根 commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例 17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005 年北京卷）We
12、ll-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和 design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。例 18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004 年浙江卷）根据合成词中的 mass （大量的）和 produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass
13、-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。4.猜测词性变换新词含义例 19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004 年山东卷）head 本为名词，表头。由 the bus 和 home 的语境逻辑可以推断，该句 head 为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为开往、驶向。例 20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004 全国卷）cloud 本为名词， 表云。分析语境逻辑可知，
14、忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded 应译为使难以。四是根据生活常识运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗？例 21.Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.例 22.Most of the roses are beginni
15、ng to wither because of the cold.句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：beaks 是喙；claws 是爪子；wither 表示枯萎。结合以上指导解下列两道阅读理解题A来源:Zxxk.ComEver since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion（混淆） over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there
16、 is no connection whatever.Sudan?1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.Last week Sudans Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards A
