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1、动名词和现在分词在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。动名词（the Gerund）和现在分词（ the Present Participle）都是非谓语动词。动词的-ing 形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。动名词和现在分词在句子中能够做的成分：主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语动名词 可以 可以 可以 可以 （极少） 可以现在分词 可以 可以 可以 可以 动名词和现在分词的用法：（一）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1. 动名词的形式：主动语态 被动语态一般式 doing being do
2、ne完成式 having done having been done否定式：not + 动名词Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（一般式）He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（被动式）We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。（完成式）He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（完成被动式）I regret not follow
3、ing his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。（否定式）2. 动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用 it 作形式主语。Its no use crying. 哭是没用的。2）作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动
4、名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语 it。例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider,admit （承认），deny （否认） , mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）,appreciate （感激）, be busy,
5、 be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of,dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keep from, stop（from）, protectfrom,set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to,object to, pay attention to, insist on4）作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。5）作同位
6、语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（二）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1. 现在分词的形式：分词 主动语态 被动语态一般式 writing being written完成式 having written having been written否定式：not + 现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示
7、与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many t
8、imes, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子还是犯了同一个错误。2. 现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。如：in the fo
9、llowing years 也可用 in the years that followed，the man speaking 可改为 the man who is speaking.2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。be + doing 既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于 be + doing 表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词 be 与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作
10、宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced
11、worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others.作为是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C）作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条件状语：(If) Playing all day , you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E）作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
12、他把杯子弄掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F）作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
13、Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用 with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。H）作独立成分：Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。补充： 后接不定式或动名词的词在英语中，
14、有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语，有的只能接动名词作宾语，有的既能接动名词又能接不定式，且意义相近；有的既能接动名词又能接不定式，但意义不同。大家在学习非谓语动词的时候，一定要注意记忆和积累。下面把这些常用词进行一个归类，大家在学习的过程中还可以继续补充。1） 只能接不定式的动词：decide, determine; learn; want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care pretend,offer; promise, choose, plan, agree; ask, beg, help 如：I decided to visit my gra
15、ndparents this weekend.这周末我打算去看望我的爷爷奶奶。I wish to have a long holiday.我希望有个长假。2） 只能接动名词的动词和短语consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off,fancy, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help, mind, allow, permit, escape, cant stand,give up, get down to, be used to, feel like,
16、object to 如：I am considering moving to the countryside.我在考虑是否搬到乡下住。The bird escaped being shot.那只鸟幸免一死。3） 既能接动名词又能接不定式，且意义基本相近的词love, like, start, begin, continue如：I love to go shopping. / I love going shopping.我喜欢购物。He continued to do his homework after dinner.He continued doing his homework after dinner.晚饭后他继续写作业。4） 既能接动名词又能接不定式，且意义不同的词stop to do 停下来做某事stop doing 停止做某事remember to do 记着去做某事
