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1、0经济型数控车床典型故障诊断与维修中英文浅析经济型数控车床典型故障诊断与维修中英文浅析Analysis of English Economic CNC lathe typical fault diagnosis and repair.电子技术的发展以及国内数控装置的发展使得数控装置的价格走低,特别是经济型数控车系统的价格已经是到达了它的最低点。经济型数控车床在中国的机械加工行业中得到了迅速普及,使得我国机械加工水平无论在加工质量方面还是在加工效率方面也得到了迅速提高。但是随着机床使用时间的延长,数控机床会出现这样或那样的故障,本文就以经济型数控机床的常见故障为例,谈了一些解决的办法。 一、换刀
2、装置故障 The development of electronic technology and the development of domestic NC device makes the numerical control device for lower prices, especially the system of economical type NC car prices have reached its lowest point. Economic CNC lathe machinery processing industry in China has been rapidl
3、y in popularity, make our country mechanical processing level both in quality or in processing efficiency has also improved rapidly. But as time machine tool, CNC machine tools will be this or that kind of fault, the fault of economical NC machine tool as an example, talked about some solutions. One
4、, change the knife device fault数控车换刀一般的过程是:换刀电机接到换刀信号后,通过蜗轮蜗杆减速带动刀架旋转,由霍尔元件发出刀位信号,数控系统再利用这个信号与目标值进行比较以判断刀具是否到位。刀换到位后,电机反转缩紧刀架。在我维修数控车的过程中遇到了以下几个故障现象。 The process of NC tool change in general is: change the cutter motor received tool change signal, through the worm gear drives the turret rotation, th
5、e cutter location signal sent by Holzer element, numerical control system using this signal is compared with a target value to judge the tool is in place. Tool change in place, tighten the cutter motor reversal. In the process of NC lathe repair I encountered the following fault phenomenon.故障一:一台四刀位
6、数控车床,发生一号刀位找不到,其它刀位能正常换刀的故障现象。Fault: a four cutter CNC lathe, a number of cutter cant find, fault phenomenon of other potential normal change knife knife.故障分析:由于只有一号刀找不到刀位,可以排除机械传动方面的问题,确定就是电气方面的故障。可能是该刀位的霍尔元件及其周围线路出现问题,导致该刀位信号不能输送给PLC。对照电路图利用万用表检查后发现:1 号刀位霍尔元件的 24V 供电正常,GND 线路为正常,T1 信号线正常。因此可以断定是霍尔
7、元件损坏导致该刀位信号不能发出。http:/ http:/ analysis: because only one knife cant find the knife position, can eliminate the problem of mechanical transmission, is to determine an electrical fault. Holzer may be the element of the cutter and its peripheral circuit problems, resulting in conveying the knife positi
8、on signal cant give PLC. The control circuit using a multimeter to check and found: supply 24V 1 knife Holzer element normal, GND line is normal, normal T1 signal line. So it can be concluded that the Holzer component damage leading to the cutter location signal cannot be issued.解决办法:更换新的霍尔元件后故障排除,一
9、号刀正常找到。 Solution: replacement of Holzer element new troubleshooting, a knife normal to find.故障二:一台六刀位数控车床,换刀时所有刀位都找不到,刀架旋转数周后停止,并且数控系统显示换刀报警:换刀超时或没有信号输入。 Fault two: a six cutter CNC lathe, tool change all cutter can not find, turret rotation to several weeks after the discontinuation of CNC system,
10、and display tool change alarm: tool change time out or no signal input.故障分析查找:对于该故障,仍可以排除机械故障,归咎于电气故障所致。产生该故障的电气原因有以下几种:1.磁性元件脱落;2.六个霍尔元件同时全部损坏;3.霍尔元件的供电和信号线路开路导致无电压信号输出。其中以第三种原因可能性最大。因此找来电路图,利用万用表对霍尔元件的电气线路的供电线路进行检查。结果发现:刀架检测线路端子排上的 24V供电电压为 0V,其它线路均正常。以该线为线索沿线查找,发现从电气柜引出的 24V 线头脱落,接上后仍无反应。由此判断应该是该
11、线断线造成故障。Fault analysis: the search for fault, still can eliminate the mechanical failure, due to electrical fault caused by. The causes of failure of electrical are the following: 1 magnetic element off; 2 six Holzer components at the same time all damage; 3 Holzer components of the power supply and
12、 signal line open circuit caused no voltage signal output. The third most likely cause. Therefore, to find the circuit diagram, power supply circuit using multimeter electric circuit of Holzer elements are examined. Results: frame detection circuit terminals arranged on the 24V power supply voltage
13、of 0V, the other lines are normal. The line along the search for clues, find out the electrical cabinet 24V thread off, then still no response. The judgment should be the line break fault.解决办法:利用同规格导线替代断线后,故障排除。 Solution: instead of using the same specifications of wires, troubleshooting.故障三:一台配有 FA
14、NUC-0imate 系统大连机床厂的六刀位车床,选刀正常但是当所选刀http:/ http:/ Fault three: one with a FANUC-0imate system six cutter lathe Dalian machine tool plant, tool selection is normal but when the selected tool in place can not be normal locking. Alarm system: change the knife timeout.故障分析查找:刀架选刀正常,正转正常,就是不能反向锁紧。说明蜗轮蜗杆传动
15、正常,初步定为电气线路问题。在机床刀架控制电气原理图上,发现刀具反向锁紧到位信号是由一个位置开关来控制发出的,是不是该开关即周围线路存在问题呢?为了确认这个故障原因,打开刀架的顶盖和侧盖,利用万用表参照电路图检查线路,发现线路未有开路和短路,通过用手按动刀架反向锁紧位置开关,观察梯形图显示有信号输入,至此排除电气线路问题。推断可能是挡块运动不到位,位置微动开关未动作。于是重新换刀一次来观察一下,结果发现:果然挡块未运动到位。于是把挡块螺栓拧紧,试换刀一次正常。再换一次刀,原故障又出现了,同时发现蜗杆端的轴套打滑并且爬升现象。难道是它造成了电机反转锁紧时位置开关的挡块不能到位?于是把该轴套进行了
16、轴向定位处理,将刀架顶盖装好。结果刀架锁紧正常了。Fault analysis: search tool tool selection is normal, normal, just cant reverse locking. Description of worm gear transmission is normal, is tentatively scheduled for electrical circuit problem. In the machine tool control electrical schematics, found the tool reverse locking position signal is composed of a position switch to control the switch, is it right?
