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1、试论音乐表演中良好心理因素的培养中英文对照试论音乐表演中良好心理因素的培养中英文对照Cultivating good psychology of music performance factors in Chinese and English.研究心理因素在音乐表演过程中的体现和如何将之加以有效的控制与运用是非常必要的。 通过对注意、记忆、投情、想象这四个心理因素的逐一描述概括，在此基础上，结合作者 自身多年积累的演奏实践经验，对已出现的、干扰完成完美音乐表演的问题从心理因素的 角度加以分析，以期帮助演奏者提高音乐表演能力。 Study on psychological factors ref
2、lected in the music performances in the process and how to control and effective use of the is very necessary. Based on attention, memory, imagination, the investment situation describes the four psychological factors outlined, on this basis, combined with the authors many years of accumulated exper
3、ience of playing, have emerged, interference of perfect music performance problem to be analyzed from a psychological point of view, in order to help players improve music performance ability.关键词：音乐表演；注意；记忆；投情；想象 Keywords : music performance; attention; memory; investment situation; imagine一、注意力的合理分
4、配是有效练习和成功演奏的前提 A reasonable distribution, the attention is prerequisite of effective practice and successful performance法国著名作曲家柏辽兹曾说：“作曲家不同于其他作家，在他和群众之间，经常需要 一个媒介人。而这个媒介人有的聪明，有的愚蠢，有的却毫无生气，也有的能够自始至终 给一部作品增添一层光辉，有的则相反把作品处理坏了或甚至把一部作品完全毁掉。 ”由此 可见，音乐表演作为联系音乐创作与欣赏的中介环节是至关重要的，任何一部音乐作品都 必须依靠音乐表演来实现其审美价值，它是作
5、曲及与听众之间的媒介与桥梁。它的任务是 通过演奏乐谱将一系列乐音符号变成有血有肉的音乐，体味作品内涵，挖掘创作者倾注于 作品中的情感，并注入自身的理解和激情，赋予音乐作品崭新的生命。而培养学生在表演 中有较好的心理因素，更好地诠释作品，是高校学生学习的最终目的。 The famous French composer Hector Berlioz once said: “ the composer is different from other writers, between him and the masses, and often need a media. The media and s
6、ome smart, some stupid, some are lifeless, and some can be from first to last for a work to add a layer of bright, some of the contrary to handle bad or even a work completely destroy. “ This shows, music performances in music creation and appreciation of the intermediary link is very important, any
7、 piece of music must rely on music performance to achieve its aesthetic value, it is the media and bridge between the music and the audience. It will be the task of a series of musical symbols into a true to life music by playing music, and appreciate the works content creators, mining into the work
8、 in emotion, and inject their own understanding and passion for music, give a new life. And the cultivation of students psychological factors better in performance, better interpretation of works, is the ultimate goal of University students.音乐表演的过程是从研读乐谱开始到上台演奏最终将乐谱实现为活生生的音像的全过 程，笔者把它分为三个部分：读谱、练习、演奏
9、。读谱是指让学生运用自己的音乐知识研 读分析乐谱的旋律、织体、速度、力度、曲式、音乐表情等音乐要素的过程。练习的过程 包括把无声的乐谱符号正确地转化为声音的过程，也包括了如何正确理解与表达音乐情感http:/ http:/ 达给听众，并得到听众的反馈，音乐表演的全过程才算完成。要达到这个目的。还要求学 生要有坚实的理论基础。 The process of music performance from read music began to play music to realize the whole process will end up living products, the autho
10、r divides it into three parts : reading, exercise, play. Reading is to enable students to apply their knowledge of music studying music melody, texture, speed, strength, music, music expression, music elements. Practice of the process including the music symbols silent correctly into the process of
11、sound, including how to correctly understand and express the music emotion information exploration process. Through the practice of the connotation of music has to understand and grasp the full, then through his performance to convey it to the audience, and get feedback from the audience, the whole
12、process of music performance is completed. To achieve this aim. Students are required to have solid theoretical foundation.音乐艺术活动是由认知、记忆、注意、情感等多种要素构成的综合心理活动。学生在 音乐表演时或许会遇到以下问题：不能专注演奏、音乐表现力差、常出错等。追其源求其 根，这与各种心理因素有着千丝万缕的关系。准确无误而富于感染力的演奏，不能只靠无 数次的机械重复而获得，不论技能技巧的形成，还是对音乐的理解、音乐内涵的揭示，都 要付出大量的心智劳动。以下就几个心理因
13、素在音乐表演中的体现作一简要分析，以求对 学生的音乐表演实践有所帮助。 Music art activity is the comprehensive psychological activity consists of cognitive, memory, attention, emotion and so on the many kinds of factors. Students in music performance may encounter the following problems: inability to concentrate on playing, music per
14、formance difference, often go wrong. The source for the root, which has have all kinds of connections with relationship with various psychological factors. Accurate and expressive performance, can not be repeated and obtained only by mechanical countless times, regardless of skill formation, or unde
15、rstanding of music, music connotation, have to pay a lot of mental labor. The following several psychological factors in musical performance reflected a brief analysis, in order to help students practice of music performance.注意就是专注，就是聚精会神，是心理活动对一定事物的指向和集中，也可以说是 “意识的集中” 。所谓对一定事物的指向，就是心理活动对一定事物的选择，人在同
16、一时间 内不能感知周围的一切对象，因此，人的心理活动在每一瞬间只能选择少数事物作为注意 的对象。所谓心理活动对一定事物的集中，是指心理活动指向某一事物后，锲而不舍地深 入到该事物中，是被注意的少数对象得以清晰地被感知。人们常说“一心不能二用” ，当我 们注意到某一事物时。它就成为注意的中心，其余与之有关和无关对象或处于注意的边缘， 或处于注意范围之外，以至未被意识到或意识得比较模糊。然而，注意中心与注意边缘也 是经常变化的，当一个注意中心被解决或消化，就会退居注意的边缘，而之前处于边缘或 违背注意的事物就会成为一个新的注意中心。 Attention is focused, is to concentrate ones attention on, is psycholog
