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1、 快速解读三视图中机械的基本结构机械类专业基础课、专业课中大量出现的原理结构图及实例结构图是以线条式的原理简图或以平面的三视图来表现的。对于原理简图，学生只需“看见”就已经“理解”这些图形了；而对于三视图，根据教育心理学认知理论，学生要理解这些图形，在“看见”这些图形的基础上，必须在大脑中将其重新组合为熟悉的三维立体图形，而这需要花费一定的时间。教材编著者也注意到了学生认知的这些特点，尽可能采用轴测图来表示复杂的实例结构。从教学中不难发现，学生对这些轴测图的理解速度远大于对平面图形尤其是三视图的。为什么会出现这样的结果?从学生学习三视图的过程中不难发现答案。Machinery professi
2、onal basic courses, specialized courses appear in large Numbers in the principle of structure chart is based on the principle of line type and instance shown in diagram or in flat SanShiTu. A diagram for principle, students need to “see“ had to “understand“ these graphics; For the SanShiTu, accordin
3、g to education psychology, cognitive theory, students to understand these graphics, on the basis of http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ “see“ these graphics, must be in the heart of the brain it back together to a familiar with 3 d graphics, and it takes a certain amount of time. Teaching material contribut
4、ors also noticed the the students cognitive characteristics, as far as possible using axonometric drawing examples of complex structure. Is not hard to find from the teaching, students understanding of the axonometric drawing speed is greater than the plane figure especially SanShiTu. Why can appear
5、 such result? In the process of learning from students SanShiTu is not hard to find the answer. 学生在学习机械制图的时候，教师都带有实物教学模型，让学生从三个方向观看，并且运用正投影理论把模型轮廓投影到三个相互垂直的平面上，然后按规定将三个平面展开到同一个平面形成了三视图。为了加深学生的理解，教师通常要求学生亲手制作模型。所以三视图的产生方式是：立体图一三个面轮廓分解一三视图。当学生阅图时，是将三视图的三个平面图形读人大脑，通过空间想像在大脑中拼接成对应的立体图，即三视图一三个平面图形合成一立体图。
6、这个过程看似一个简单的思维逆转，但其思维的难度http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 却不是成比例增加的。因为立体图一三个面轮廓分解一三视图是正向思维，且三个面形成在思维过程中是可以分解进行的，而三视图一三个平面图形合成一立体图是逆向思维，且立体图形的形成在思维过程中必须是整体进行的，所以理解难度大大增强，即使对于经验丰富的工程技术人员，仍会感觉到这两种思维方式在难度上的差别。Students in “mechanical drawing“, teachers with physical teaching model, students from three direction
7、s, and on the basis of the theory of orthogonal projection model contour projection into three mutually perpendicular to the plane, and then according to the rules will be launched in the same plane formed the three planes SanShiTu. In order to deepen students understanding, teachers usually require
8、 students personally making model. So SanShiTu production way is: stereogram three break up a SanShiTu surface contour. When students read figure, is the three plane figure SanShiTu read brain, through space imagine joining together into the corresponding forms in the brain, namely SanShiTu three pl
9、ane figure synthesis http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ stereogram. This process may seem like a simple reversal of thinking, but the thinking of the difficulty is not in proportion to increase. Break up a SanShiTu because stereogram three face contour is positive thinking, and the three surface is formed
10、in the process of thinking can be broken down, and SanShiTu a synthesis of a plane figure three forms are reverse thinking, and the formation of the three-dimensional graphics in the process of thinking must be whole, so understanding the difficulty increases greatly, even for the experienced engine
11、ering and technical personnel, will still feel the difference of two kinds of mode of thinking on the difficulty. 机械类专业基础课、专业课教学的主要目的是让学生理解用图形表示的结构原理，掌握设计思路及相关基本概念的应用，而不是让学生单纯地识图，安排的教学时间非常短。这样就难以在规定的时间内达到预期的教学效果。Machinery professional basic courses, specialized courses teachings main purpose is to l
12、et students http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ understand the structure of the graph theory, master the design thought and related basic concepts of application, instead of letting students simply, arrangement of teaching time is very short. So it is difficult to within the prescribed time to achieve the d
13、esired teaching effect. 三、解剖式动态教学模式3, anatomical type dynamic teaching mode 随着计算机硬件性能价格比的提高及计算机软件技术的发展，使三维实体的结构造型成为可能，这就为直接用三维结构图进行教学提供了基础。根据教学要求，我们选择了具有自顶向下设计特点的 proe软件进行三维实体的结构造型设计。酱油其过程为：先构造零件毛坯实体，然后采用如机械加工及焊接加工过程的实体去除或添加，最终生成所需的零件实体；proe 还可根据设计的零件实体自动绘出它的三视http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 图，并标注尺寸，因此从
14、设计步骤上具有自顶向下的特点；除此以外，proe 绘制的零件实体还可以装配成总装图，故用 proe 软件来演示结构的制造和安装过程对学生理解实例结构图有非常好的效果。With the improvement of cost performance of computer hardware and computer software technology development, the structure of the three-dimensional entity modelling, it is for direct use three-dimensional structure pro
15、vides the basis for teaching. According to the teaching requirements, we chose to have the characteristics of the top-down design software pro/e 3 d entity structure design. Its process is: first blank entity structure parts, and then USES the entities such as machining and welding process, remove or add the resulting parts needed for the entity; Pro/e can also according to the design of parts entity automatically draw it SanShiTu, dimensio
