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1、摘要：亚刚性高分子精密微孔过滤技术从硬摘要：亚刚性高分子精密微孔过滤技术从硬 - - 制药机制药机自己收集整理的错误在所难免仅供参考交流如有错误请指正！谢谢摘要：亚刚性高分子精密微孔过滤技术从硬件到软件是我们自主创新研发出来的一种高效液固精密过滤技术从开始研发至今已有四十三年多在工业生产上推广应用也已有三十年本文简要介绍了该技术硬件与软件中的主要概况并简单罗列了曾成功应用的几个生产领域也介绍了某些主要计算及实验数据Abstract: The sub-rigid polymer precise microporous filtration technology is high-performan
2、ce liquid-solid precise filtration technology which is researched and developed independently by us from hardware to software. It has been more than forty-three years since the beginning of research, and it has also been applied in industrial production for thirty years. This article briefly introdu
3、ces the main profile of hardware and software of the technology, and simply lists some production areass which have been successfully applied. It also introduces the main calculation and the experimental data.关键词：亚刚性、精密微孔过滤、滤饼过滤、澄清过滤Keywords: sub-rigid, precise microporous filtration, cake filtratio
4、n, clarification filtration1. 概述(1. Overview) 廿世纪发展起来的膜过滤技术是最重要的发明之一它能明显地提高产品质量收率与劳动生产率能减少能耗、物耗与生产成本能减少废物与废水排放因而获得愈来愈广泛应用廿一世纪是膜过滤技术进一步向深度与广度发展的世纪对世界经济必将产生不可估量的影响The development of membrane filtration technology which is developed in twentieth-century is one of the most important inventions. It can o
5、bviously improves the product quality, yield and labour-productivity. It can reduce energy consumption, material and production costs, and can reduce waste and wastewater discharge. So it has been widely applied. Membrane filtration technology has been further developed at the depth and width in the
6、 twenty-first century, and it will lead to an immeasurable affection on the world economy.膜过滤可分为均相膜过滤与非均相膜过滤两种反渗透、纳滤与大部份超滤属均相膜过滤微孔膜与部份超滤属非均相膜过滤非均相膜过滤又可分为两大分支一是其过滤介质为柔性薄膜另一是其过滤介质为刚性或亚刚性微孔管柔性薄膜的厚度一般只有几十微米原料成本较少制造难度相对较低因此发展快应用范围广但其抗拉强度较差不能用简单的物理方法（即高压气体反吹法）卸除滤饼与高效再生难以应用到能得到较干滤饼的精密滤饼过滤目前绝大部份微孔膜仅用于含固量很少的
7、液体精密澄清过滤只有很少部份用于无滤层的动态增稠过滤刚性或亚刚性的微孔管其壁厚一般不小于 2 至 3 毫米抗拉与抗压强度相对较高可用物理方法反吹排渣与再生不仅可大规模用于含固量很少的液体精密澄清过滤用于无滤层或薄层的动态增稠过滤还大量用于含固量多能排出较干滤饼的液体精密滤饼过滤Membrane filtration can be divided into two types of homogeneous membrane filtration and non-homogeneous membrane filtration. Reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and
8、 most of ultrafiltration are homogeneous membrane filtration. Microporous membrane and some ultrafiltration are non-homogeneous membrane filtration. Non-homogeneous membrane filtration can be divided into two branches. One of its is that filter medium is flexible thin membrane, and the other is that
9、 its filter medium is rigid or sub-rigid microporous media. The thickness of flexible thin membrane is only a few dozen microns. The cost of raw materials is less, and the difficulty of manufacturing is relatively lower. So it develops rapidly and it be applied widely. But its tensile strength is po
10、or, and we can not use simple physical method (method of high pressure gas backblowing) for cake discharging and regeneration. It is difficult to be applied for precise cake filtration which can get dry cake. The vast majority microporous membrane is only used for liquid-solid precise clarification
11、filtration containing small quantities of solid particles, and only a few used for the dynamic thickening filtration with non-cake layer. The thickness of rigid or sub-rigid microporous tubes is generally not less than 2-3 mm. The tensile strength and compressive strength are relatively high. It can
12、 be used for cake discharging and regeneration by physical methods. It can be not only used for liquid precise clarification filtration with a little volume of solid and non-cake layer or thin-cake layer dynamic thickening filtration, but also be used for liquid precise cake filtration which has sub
13、stantial amount of solid content and can discharge dry cake on a large scale.刚性或亚刚性微孔过滤管有金属类烧结微孔管无机类烧结微孔管与高分子类烧结微孔管等三大类金属类与无机类的诞生与工业上推广应用已有七十至一百多年；高分子类的诞生只有四十多年工业化应用只有三十多年从过滤精度机械强度再加工性能抗堵塞性能抗腐蚀性能耐热性能及价格等几方面全面对比三类微孔过滤管各有优劣金属类耐热性能与机械强度相当理想但价格与抗腐蚀性能是其劣势；无机类的耐热与抗腐蚀是优势但机械强度与再加工性能是其劣势；高分子类的耐热性能是其劣势目前工业生产上
14、广泛应用的还不能超过 120但由于加工较易价格较低机械性能不差耐腐蚀性能非常突出虽然开发时间最短自上世纪六十年代末在我国试制成功技术上愈来愈趋成熟应用领域与应用规模愈来愈大目前在中国已超过金属类与无机类The rigid or sub-rigid microporous filter tubes contain sintered microporous metal tubes, sintered microporous inorganic tube and sintered microporous polymer tube. From birth and industrial applicat
15、ion of metal and inorganic, it has history of 70-100 years. From birth of polymer type there is only 40 years, and the industrial application is for only 30 years. According to comprehensive comparison of several aspects, such as filtration accuracy, mechanical strength, re-processing performance, a
16、nti-clogging performance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and price, three types of microporous filter tubes have their own advantages and disadvantages. The heat resistance and mechanical strength of metal is quite good, but the price and corrosion resistance are its disadvantages. The heat and corrosion resistance of inorganic are its advantages, but the mechanical strength and re-processing performance are its disadvantages. The heat resistance of polymer type is its shortcoming
