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1、行政成本的影响因素及其控制途径研究摘 要行政成本的影响因素及其控制途径研究摘 要行政成本是反映行政效率、行政管理水平的重要标志，是政府行政活动对社会经济资源的消耗。行政成本是政府机关管理社会、服务社会的基础和支撑，并贯穿于整个行政管理工作之中。对于行政成本的概念和界定，学术界有不同的观点和论述。本文认为较为合理的界定是： “行政成本是政府组织在为社会提供公共服务，生产公共产品的活动过程中投入的人力、财力和物力资源。 ”行政成本的内涵包括：行政成本发生的主体是行政机关及其工作人员；行政成本所需资源的获得主要靠财政拔款；行政成本发生的客体主要是社会及其所需的公共产品；行政成本的构成包括广义行政成本
2、和狭义行政成本两个方面；行政成本的投入与效益产出具有非直接关系。本文还从行政成本的用途、是否可直接计算、效能、发生过程、决策过程、形态等不同的属性对行政成本的构成进行分析。在预算不变的情况下，政府机关用于自身消费或自我服务的资金愈少，用于公共服务的经费或资金愈多，所取得的行政效率也就愈高。反之，政府机关用于自身的消费或服务愈多，其提供给社会和公众的公共服务就愈少，取得的行政效率也就愈低。因此，必须控制行政成本，提高行政效率。长期以来，我国实行的计划经济体制，而计划经济体制国家的政府无所不在，是“全能型”政府。 “全能型”政府意味着政府规模大、政府职能多、行政人员多和行政开支大。因此，在我国建立
3、廉价政府、控制行政成本更具有现实意义。现阶段，我国行政成本呈行政成本主体宽泛、行政成本增长较快、无效行政成本或连带行政成本占了较大的比重等特点。影响我国行政成本的因素主要有：政府规模、政府职能、内部管理制度、监督机制弱化、行政观念、行政方式、行政决策、腐败因素等。针对上述影响行政成本的因素，本文提出控制行政成本的几个途径。一是科学设置机构，建立有限政府；二是改革财政管理制度，建立公共财政体制；三是规范职务消费制度，控制内部行政成本；四是推进电子政务，提高行政效率；五是建立科学决策机制，提高决策水平；六是完善公务员考核制度，引入绩效评估机制；七是完善监督制约机制，加大反腐败斗争力度。关键词关键词
4、：行政成本,构成,控制途径知识水坝为您整理STUDY ON IMPACTING FACTORSAND CONTROLLING WAYSOF ADMINISTRATIVE COSTSABSTRACTAdministrative cost is the important symbol of administrative efficiency and administrative management level. It is the consumption of social economical resources by government administration activities
5、. Administrative cost, which runs through the total administrative management activities, is the basis and support for governmental agencies to manage and serve the society. On the conception and limitation of administrative cost, there are different opinions and elaborations in academic circles. In
6、 this article ,the author hold an opinion that the reasonable conception of administrative cost is the manual labours, financial and physical resources which invested by the government agencies in the process of providing public service and productions. The connotations of administrative cost includ
7、e that the main bodies of administrative cost are administrative organs and staffs, the resources of administrative cost depend on financial allocation, the objects of administrative cost are the society and its public productions, the constitutions of administrative cost include generalized adminis
8、trative cost and narrow-sense administrative cost, the investments of administrative cost have indirect relation with the benefits. This article analyses the constitutions of administrative cost in aspects of its usage, feasibility of being calculated directly, efficiency, occurrence process, decisi
9、on-making process, shapes, etc. In situation that the budget is invariable, the less the funds applied to government agencies themselves are, the more the funds applied to the public service are, the higher the administrative efficiency is. On the contrary, the more the funds applied to government a
10、gencies themselves are, the less the funds applied to the public service are, the lower the administrative efficiency is. Over a long period of time, the planned economy system was implemented in our country; and the government in such a country was a “ versatile” government which played the roles i
11、n any area. A “versatile” government means larger scale , more functions, more staffs and more administrative expenses. Therefore, it is of more realistic significances to establish low-cost government and to control the administrative cost in our country. At present, the features of administrative
12、cost in our country include: extensive main bodies, fast increase, invalid and related administrative cost occupying fairly知识水坝为您整理major proportions, and so on. The factors which influence our countrys administrative cost mainly include: government scales, government functions inner management rules
13、, supervision system attenuation, administrative ideas, administrative ways, administrative decision-makings, corruption, etc. In view of the above factors which impact administrative cost, several ways of controlling administrative cost are proposed in this article. Firstly, setting up organization
14、s reasonablely, establishing limited governments; secondly, reforming systems of government finance management, establishing public finance systems; thirdly, normalizing systems of official business consumption, controlling inner administrative cost; forthly, pushing on electronic government adminis
15、tration, improving administrative efficiency; fifthly, establishing reasonable decision-making systems, improving decision-making level; sixthly, perfecting systems of appraising government staffs, introducing systems of appraising performances; seventhly, perfecting systems of supervision and restr
16、iction, strengthening anti-corruption.KEYWORDS: administrative cost, impactcing factors, ways of controlling上海交通大学学位论文原创性声明上海交通大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。 对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：杨雯日期： 年 月 日上海交通大学学位论文版权使用授权书上海交通大学学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定， 同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权上海交通大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。保密保密，在 年解密后适用本授权书。
