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1、一、基本句型I. 表示不够、缺少： 动词及词组：lack sth 名词及词组：a lack of sth / a shortage of sth / inadequacy / deficiency 形容词及词组：insufficient (to do sth) （尤指力量、金钱或资源） / not enough / inadequate / lacking in sth / deficient in sth （多指含量不足） 副词及词组：not (good) enough例句：1.这种饮食缺钙。 There is deficient insufficient calcium in the di
2、et. The diet lacks sufficient calcium. There is not enough calcium in the diet. Calcium in the diet is deficient insufficient. 2.营养失调病是由于食物中缺少一种或多种健康所必需的物质。 Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of one or more food substances necessary for health. Deficiency diseases are caused by foods lacking i
3、n one or more substances necessary for health. 3.经费不足，人才短缺，不能应付农村重大疫情和公共卫生突发事件。 Funds and medical workers are insufficient inadequate to deal with a grave epidemic situation or a sudden public health crisis. Insufficient Inadequate funds and medical workers cannot deal with a grave epidemic situatio
4、n or a sudden public health crisis. An apparent lack of funds and medical workers makes us unable to deal with a grave epidemic situation or a sudden public health crisis. 4.公立医院的服务有许多不足之处，群众很不满意。 People are quite unsatisfied with many inadequacies deficiencies / shortcomings in the services of publ
5、ic hospitals. Inadequate Deficient / Insufficient services of public hospitals make people quite unsatisfied. People are not satisfied with the services of public hospitals.5.我国大部分城市都有缺水的大问题。 Water shortage is a big problem in most of the cities in China. Most of the cities in China have face a grea
6、t problem of water shortage. Most of the cities in China do not have enough water. 6.公立医院的改革力度不够。 The reforms carried out by the public hospitals are not effective efficient / powerful / adequate / thorough enough. （放在形容词后面）The reforms carried out by the public hospitals are inadequate. 7.许多人对健康危险因素
7、评价还不够了解。 Many people have not known Health Risk Factor Appraisal well enough. （放在副词后面）Many people have inadequate knowledge understanding of Health Risk Factor Appraisal. 8.性格与饮食有关的说法缺乏科学证据。 The belief that human characters are associated with diets lacks scientific evidence. There is not enough evi
8、dence to support the notion that human characters are associated with diets. The scientific evidence is insufficient inadequate to support the notion that human characters are associated with diets.II. 表示过量、够、充分：动词及词组：exceed sth / go beyond sth 名词及词组：an excess of sth / to excess / in excess of sth 形
9、容词：excessive / enough / sufficient / adequate 副词：excessively / sufficiently / too / enough / over-前缀例句：1.过度节食者难免精疲力尽。 Excessive dieters are sure to feel exhausted. People who diet to lose weight excessively to excess will surely feel exhausted. People who go on a diet to lose weight excessively to e
10、xcess will surely feel exhausted. 2.不过洋医院的收费是对工薪阶层来说太高了，承受不了。 The prices charges at the foreign-funded hospitals are too high excessive for wage earners to bear. The excessively high prices charges at the foreign-funded hospitals are beyond wage earners. Wage earners cannot afford the high prices at
11、 the foreign-funded hospitals. 3.超负荷的体力劳动和脑力劳动，是易患高血压的因素。 An overload excess of physical and mental labor is likely to lead to hypertension. Excessive physical and mental labor is a likely factor of hypertension. Physical and mental overwork is a likely factor of hypertension. If one overworks works
12、 too hard physically and mentally, he is likely to develop hypertension. If one does physical or mental labor too hard, he is likely to develop hypertension. 4.不要把自己的抱负目标定得太高。 Do not be too ambitious. Do not be overambitious. Do not have excessive ambitions. Do not have your goals exceed your abilit
13、y or realistic possibility. Do not set goals beyond your ability or realistic possibility. 5.只要不过分，饮酒是有好处的。 Drinking is OK as long as you do not do it to excess. Drinking is beneficial to health as long as it is not excessive. It does one good if one does not drink excessively too much / to excess.
14、Dinking is good but overdrinking is bad. 6.工作时间不要超过每周 50 小时。 Working time should not exceed go beyond 50 hours a week. One should not work beyond 50 hours a week. One should not work in excess of 50 hours a week. One should work no more than 50 hours a week. 7.疫苗的效果超过了科学家们的期望。 The effectiveness resu
15、lts / outcomes of the vaccine exceeded went beyond expectations of the scientists. The effectiveness results / outcomes of the vaccine were much better than the scientists had expected.The effects of the vaccine were excellent. 8.人口过剩是指人口增长速度超过社会经济增长速度。 Overpopulation refers to the speed of populati
16、on growth which exceeds goes beyond that of social economic development. Overpopulation means that the speed of population growth exceeds goes beyond that of social economic development. Overpopulation means that population increases faster than social economic development.练习:用英语表达以下意念：1.缺钙的饮食可以引起老年骨质疏松 （osteoporosis） 。 2.农村卫生资金投入不足。 3.缺少面对面交流阻碍了有益的医患关系的建立。 4.许多健康问题与饮食不良以及运动相对不足有关。 5.农村许多地区医护人才严重短缺。 6.健康教育专业学科师资缺乏，不能适应提高全民健康素质战略任务的需求。 7.在碳水
