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1、http:/ http:/ energy used in civil construction and development of Chinese and English translation 摘要： 现代社会应是节约型的社会，而社会生活也应是节约能耗的生活。与此同时温家宝总理也于 2005 年 6 月 30 日提出并强调加快建设节约型社会的方针。而太阳能作为一种取之不尽的新型环保能源已成为世界各国世界上能源研究工作中的一个重要课题。是我国在经济现状下采取的较为简单、经济、环保、可靠的建筑采暖及供热节能措施。本文总结了太阳能在民用建筑中的利用并对今后的开发和利用提出了一些见解.Abstra
2、ct: modern society should be a conservation-minded society, life and social life should also be saving energy consumption. At the same time also on June 30, 2005, premier wen jiabao put forward guidelines and stressed that to speed up the construction of a conservation-oriented society. And solar en
3、ergy as an inexhaustible new energy of environmental protection has become a world power in the world is an important subject in research work. Is taken under the economic situation in China is relatively simple, economic, environmental protection, reliable construction heating and heating energy sa
4、ving measures. In civil building, this paper summarizes the solar energy utilization and the future development and utilization of some opinions are put forward. 关键词： 太阳能 新能源 太阳能采暖 太阳能建筑Keywords: solar new energy solar heating solar building 太阳能作为一种热辐射能源，是一种无污染的清洁能源，对于太阳能的开发利用已经成为世界各国索取和利用新能源，进行节能、环
5、保的重要研究项目之一，取得了较大的进展并已进入实用阶段。近几年随着我国经济的快速发展和对环境保护的重视，特别是在今年提出的建设节约型社会的方针后，太阳能作为一种取之不尽用之不竭的新型环保新能源，一种较为简单、经济、环保、可靠的改善建筑环境的方法，一种很适合我国经济现状的采暖及供热方式，在我国得到了大力的推广和广泛的使用。Solar energy as a kind of thermal radiation energy, it is a kind of non-pollution clean energy, for the development and utilization of sola
6、r energy has become the worlds countries to obtain and make use of new energy and for energy saving, environmental protection one of the important http:/ http:/ projects, has made great progress and has entered the practical stage. In recent years, with the rapid development of our economy and the a
7、ttention to environmental protection, especially in this year, put forward the construction of economical society policy, solar energy as an inexhaustible new energy of environmental protection, a kind of relatively simple, economic, and environmental protection, reliable way to improve construction
8、 environment, a kind of very suitable for heating and heating mode of economy in our country, in our country has been vigorously promoted and widely used. 1 主动式太阳能采暖1 active solar heating 主动式太阳能采暖主要是通过集热装置来吸收太阳能并由热媒将所吸收的热量送入储热装置并加以利用。它对太阳能的利用效率较高，不仅可以供暖、供应热水，还能用于制冷等方面，但存在阴雨天气集热效率严重下降等缺点。近几年已在我国的城乡得到
9、了广泛的推广与使用。Active solar heating mainly through heating device to absorb solar energy and the heat medium will be absorbed into the heat storage device and take advantage of. It the use of solar energy efficiency is high, can not only supply heating, hot water, refrigeration, etc., can also be used fo
10、r wet weather but there are shortcomings and so on collection efficiency serious decline. In recent years has been in our countrys urban and rural areas has been widely promotion and use. 1.1 太阳能热水器系统1.1 solar water heater system 在民用建筑中主要使用的是热度不高的热水，而将太阳能转化为温度不高的热水只要用简单的装置即可实现，因此被广泛采用。供应热水可以采取集中的方式，
11、也可以用于单独的住宅中。集中供应热水，需要有一定物业投资，可以采取染油或燃气锅炉的作为辅助加热系统，可以取得显著的经济和社会效益，适用于人口较集中的城镇小区、宾馆等民用建筑。单独供应热水，设备简单，不需要专门的管理人员，适用于城乡各类民用建筑。目前在我国市场上常见的太阳热水器按其集热装置的不同分为以下几类:Mainly used in residential construction is the hot water temperature is not high, and the hot water of solar energy can be converted to temperatur
12、e is not high as long as with a simple device can be realized, so widely used. May adopt the centralized hot water supply, can also be used to separate http:/ http:/ the residence. Concentrated supply of hot water and need to have a certain property investment, can take to dye oil or gas boiler as t
13、he auxiliary heating system, can achieve remarkable economic and social benefits, is suitable for the population is relatively concentrated urban residential area, hotel, etc. Civil construction. Separate, hot water supply device is simple, does not need special management personnel, suitable for ur
14、ban and rural areas all kinds of civil construction. At present the common solar water heater market in our country according to the heating device is divided into the following categories: 1.1.1 平板式热水器1.1.1 plate type water heater 由平板式太阳能集热装置和储热水箱组成，一般采用自然循环运行方式。热效率高，金属管板式结构、免维护、长寿命、性价比高。对于珠江流域等冬天不
15、结冰的南方地区，选取用平板式太阳能集热器是非常合适的。平板型太阳能集热器的缺点是不抗冻。By the plate type solar heating device and a heat storage water tank, generally USES natural circulation operation. High thermal efficiency, tube plate structure, maintenance-free, long life, cost-effective. Does not freeze in winter, such as pearl river b
16、asin south, select use flat plate solar collector is very appropriate. Defect is not frost resistance of flat-plate solar collector. 1.1.2 真空管热水器 1.1.2 vacuum tube water heater 由真空管太阳能集热装置和储热水箱构成，一般采用自然对流换热。真空集热管不但热损系数小，而且性价比也比热管、U 型管等要高。对于长江、黄河流域冬天会结冰但冬天气温高于-20C 的地区，选用真空管太阳能集热器是比较合适的，既可以抗冻又具有较好的集热能力，但是真空管太阳能集热器的主要缺点是：不承压、易结水垢、易爆裂。By the vacuu
