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1、虚虚拟拟语气语气虚拟语气是英语四级考试的必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等等；而英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。虚拟语气的基本作用是：1. 表达假设的情况，与事实相反；2. 表达异想天开很难实现的愿望；3. 表达建议、命令、劝告等语气。本节重在讲解 if 引导的虚拟条件句， 含蓄条件句，特殊结构中的虚拟语气，以及should+动词原形的用法。 一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法 1.1 if 引导的虚拟条件句虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：假设类型条
2、件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式a.与现在事实相反 If+动词的过去式(be 用 were 而不用 was)would(第一人称可用 should)+动词原形b.与过去事实相反 If+had+-ed 分词 would(第一人称可用 should)+have+-ed 分词c.与将来事实可能相反 If+were to+动词原形或If+should+动词原形 would(第一人称可用 should)+动词原形下面用近年的真题来强化记忆。例(1)Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I _ it to you.“A. will returnB. must re
3、turnC. could returnD. would have returned(【答案】D)(2004 年 4 月 45 题)例(2)I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know(【答案】C)(1995 年 38 题)例(3)If Bob_ with us; he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have comeC. had come D. came(【答案】C)(1995 年 59 题
4、)1.2 省略 if 的虚拟形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含 were，had，should 等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略 if。例(1)_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he took B. If he should takeC. Were he to take D. Had he taken (【答案】D)(2004 年 4 月 32 题)例(2)_, I should ask them some questions.A. S
5、hould they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us(【答案】A)(1997 年 30 题)例(3)_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized(【答案】B)(1996 年 39 题)二、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方
6、式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用 with，without，but for。例(1)Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _ well. A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grownD. would not be grown (【答案】A)(2004 年 11 月 32 题)例(2)But for my classmates help, I _ the work in time.A. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not fi
7、nishD. would not have finished (【答案】D)(2004 年 4 月 36 题)例(3)But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had(【答案】B)(2003 年 4 月 28 题)三、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气： 以 wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句(主语过去时)；
8、表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句(主语过去完成时)；例(1)I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be(【答案】C)(2001 年 53 题)例(2)Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study(【答案】C)(2000 年 53 题) if o
9、nly +句子(过去时/过去完成时)“要是就好了”If only 后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时 did ；如果是对过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时 had done . 要注意与 if 区别，if 只表示假设，“如果”，用真实语气；而 if only 表示不可能实现的情况，用虚拟语气。例如：If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。(对过去虚拟)If only I were rich. 要是我富有就好了。(对现在虚拟) would rather句子(过去时)表示宁愿、宁可的意愿，语气比较婉转。后接过去式。例(1)I am too bu
10、sy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C. came D. have come(【答案】C)(2002 年 46 题)例(2)Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happier D. further(【答案】A)(1998 年 45 题) it is time(that)，it is high time (that)句型中，谓语动词用过去时，表示早该做而未做的
11、事，意思是该了、早该了.例(1)Lets finish our homework in a few seconds; its time we _.A. played footballB. will play football C. play footballD. are playing football(【答案】A)(2004 年 11 月 43 题)例(2)Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up(【答案】B)(1999 年 31 题) 以 as
12、if，as though 引导的从句在 as if，as though 引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和 wish 后面的从句动词形式变化相同。例：He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knew C. had known D. would have known(【答案】B。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。)四、should+动词原形及 should 的省略(1)、一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的意见。因此这些动词(或其变形，
13、如名词，形容词，分词等)后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should do”结构，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表“提议、建议”的动词：suggest ,advise, propose, recommend, move(提议);表“要求、主张”的动词：insist, require, request, demand , desire ;表“命令”的动词：order, command. 例(1)I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience.A. be assigned B. is assi
14、gned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned(【答案】A)(2006 年 11 月 29 题)例(2)His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on(【答案】A)(1999 年 58 题)此处省略了 should.例(3)The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. w
15、ould have C. have D. was going to have(【答案】C)(1998 年 28 题)此处省略了 should.(2)、It is necessary/important/essential/ vital/urgent / surprising/ amazing that 引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+原形动词，should 也可以省略。此类形容词的特点是表示重要性或吃惊。例(1)it is vital that enough money_collected to get the project started. A. is B. be C
16、must be D can be (【答案】B)(2004 年 11 月 24 题)例(2)Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged(【答案】C)(2003 年 4 月 45 题)(3)、以 in case, lest, for fear that 引起的状语从句，表示“以防，以免”。其形式为 should+动词原形。如：He took his raincoat with him in case it shou
