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1、All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops over time. In friendship and romantic relationships, for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, rituals, habits, and customs that give that relationship a special cha
2、ractera character that differentiates it in various ways from other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places, songs, or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for two individuals. Thus, any social unitwhether a relationship, group, organization, or societ
3、ydevelops a culture over time. While the defining characteristicsor combination of characteristicsof each culture are unique, all cultures share certain common functions. The relationship between communication and culture is a very complex and intimate one. Cultures are created through communication
4、; that is, communication is the means of human interaction through which cultural characteristics are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies, but rather that cultures are a natural by
5、-product of social interaction. In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication. Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible to preserve and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to another. One can say, therefore, that culture is create
6、d, shaped, transmitted, and learned through communication. The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well that distinguishes one individual from another. The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one n
7、eeds to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, as this is what will make them a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time. They need to take stock of th
8、e way they interact and the direction in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constant in life is change, and the more one accepts ones strengths and works towards dealing with their shortcomings, especially in the area of communication skills, the better will be their interac
9、tions and the more their social popularity. The dominating question that comes here is: How to improve communication skills? Well, the answer is simple. One can find plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and wome
10、n. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing in trainers to regularly conduct sessions on the subject, in order to help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations. Today, effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While
11、 interviewing candidates, most interviewers judge them on the basis of the way they communicate. They believe that skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to communicate well is important, as every employee becomes the representing face of the company. There are trainers, who specialize in
12、delivering custom-made programs on the subject. Through the session they not only facilitate better skills in the department of communications, but also look into the problems that come in the way of being able to convey messages effectively. When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacula
13、r show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looking around at the luxury of the rink, my friends mother remarked on theplush seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, but being proud of my vocabulary and not wanting to lose face by admitting ignorance, I tried to infer its meaning from th
14、e context. Plush was clearly intended as a compliment, a positive evaluation; that much I could tell from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, arent they? My friends mother
15、was too polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way in which we usually acquire both new words and new meanings for familiar words, particularly in
16、 our own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked about plush, and this is particularly true in the case of a second or foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can of course ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries, such as the one in your hands, have developed to fill the gap.1.
