《新sat阅读必考建国文献之《权利法案》,你读了几遍？》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新sat阅读必考建国文献之《权利法案》,你读了几遍？（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、从 2016 年开始，准备本科赴美留学的童鞋们需要参加新 SAT 考试。新 SAT 考试 与现行的 SAT 考试相比，阅读部分的难度更高，因为新 SAT 阅读中增加了对美国 建国文献的考察，也就是说，如果没读过独立宣言，没学过权利法案，不 知道美国国会的构成和职能，不了解汉密尔顿是谁等等，想读懂新 SAT 阅读是很 难的。为了帮助童鞋们克服缺乏背景知识的障碍，本文特意整理了新 SAT 明确要 考察的建国文献之一权利法案的中英双语版，希望对童鞋们备考新 SAT 有所 帮助权利法案（美国）（中英文）权利法案（美国）（中英文）1787 年在费城起草的宪法，在各州审议批准的过程中，也有不少美国公民感到
2、不安，因为宪法中并没有明确保障个人的权利。因此，宪法补充了 10 条修正案，统一称为权利法案，英文叫 The Bill of Rights.由于补充了权利法案，宪法在 13 个州均获批准，并于 1789年生效。第一条第一条 Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion， or prohibiting the free exercise there of；or abridging the freedom of speech， or of the press； or the right o
3、f the people peaceably to assemble， and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。第二条第二条 Amendment IIA well regulated Militia， being necessary to the security of a free State， the right of the people to keep and bear Arms，
4、shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。第三条第三条 Amendment IIINo Soldier shall， in time of peace be quartered in any house，without the consent of the Owner， nor in time of war， but in a manner to be prescribed by law.译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。第四条第四条 Amendment IV
5、The right of the people to be secure in their persons， houses， papers， and effects， against unreasonable searches and seizures，shall not be violated， and no Warrants shall issue， but upon probable cause， supported by Oathor affirmation， and particularly describing the place to be searched， and the p
6、ersons or things to be seized.译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。除依据可能成立的理由，以宣誓或代誓宣言保证，并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物，不得发出搜查和扣押状。第五条第五条 Amendment VNo person shall be held to answer for a capital， or otherwise infamous crime， unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury， except in cases arising in the lan
7、d or naval forces， or in the Militia， when in actual service in time of War or public danger； nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb； nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself， nor be deprived of life， libert
8、y， or property， without due process of law； nor shall private property be taken for public use， without just compensation.译文：除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书，任何人不受死罪或其他重罪的审判，但发生在陆、海军中或发生在战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外；任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害；不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪；不经正当法律程序，不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产。不给予公平赔偿，私有财产不得充作公用。第六条第六条 Amendment VIIn a
9、ll criminal prosecutions， the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial， by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed， which district shall have been previously ascertained by law， and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusa
10、tion； to be confronted with the witnesses against him； to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor， and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.译文：在一切刑事诉讼中，被告有权由犯罪行为发生地的州和地区的公正陪审团予以迅速和公开的审判，该地区应事先已由法律确定；得知控告的性质和理由；同原告证人对质；以强制程序取得对其有利的证人；并取得律师帮助为其辩护。第七条第七条 Amendment VIII
11、n suits at common law， where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars， the right of trial by jury shall be preserved， and no fact tried by a jury， shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States，than according to the rules of the common law.译文：在习惯法的诉讼中，其争执价额超过二十美元，由陪审团审判的
12、权利应受到保护。由陪审团裁决的事实，合众国的任何法院除非按照习惯法规则，不得重新审查。第八条第八条 Amendment VIIIExcessive bail shall not be required， nor excessive fines imposed， nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.译文：不得要求过多的保释金，不得处以过重的罚金，不得施加残酷和非常的惩罚。第九条第九条 Amendment IXThe enumeration in the Constitution， of certain rights， shall not be
13、construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.译文：本宪法对某些权利的列举，不得被解释为否定或轻视由人民保留的其他权利。第十条第十条 Amendment XThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution， nor prohibited by it to the States， are reserved to the States respectively， or to the people.译文：宪法未授予合众国、也未禁止各州行使的权力，由各州各自保留，或由人民保留。
